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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
535 questions in 56 reviews · Hypertension
current versionsNo studies 37 · 6.9%Ungraded 34 · 6.4%Very low 91 · 17%Low 161 · 30.1%Moderate 136 · 25.4%High 76 · 14.2%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling Plasma level of hs-CRP (mg/L) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension · Short term, People diagnosed with periodontitis Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | MD -0.37 [-1.40, 0.65] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment) Adverse events (participants with adverse events or withdrawals due to adverse events) · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure (2021) · Cochrane | SoF 1 (Adverse effects): Only 1 study reported that 1 participant in the treatment group experienced a myocardial infarction during the study period. 1 study reported no adverse effects. The remaining 2 studies did not… | 2 studies · 294 participants | Low |
Orlistat vs placebo Total mortality · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1488 participants | Low |
Phentermine/topiramate vs placebo Serious adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.49, 1.48] | 1 study · 1305 participants | Low |
Phentermine/topiramate vs placebo All adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [1.08, 1.2] | 1 study · 1305 participants | Low |
Phentermine/topiramate vs placebo Change in systolic blood pressure compared to placebo (mm Hg) from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 772 participants | Low |
Phentermine/topiramate vs placebo Change in diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo (mm Hg) from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 772 participants | Low |
Phentermine/topiramate vs placebo Change in body weight as compared to placebo (%) from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 772 participants | Low |
Naltrexone/bupropion vs placebo Total mortality · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.7, 1.4] | 1 study · 8283 participants | Moderate |
Naltrexone/bupropion vs placebo Cardiovascular morbidity · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.87, 1.41] | 1 study · 8283 participants | Low |
Naltrexone/bupropion vs placebo Serious adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.96, 1.14] | 1 study · 8283 participants | Moderate |
Naltrexone/bupropion vs placebo All adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.69 [1.58, 1.8] | 1 study · 8283 participants | Moderate |
Naltrexone/bupropion vs placebo Change in systolic blood pressure as compared to placebo (mm Hg) from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 8283 participants | Moderate |
Orlistat vs placebo Cardiovascular morbidity · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1811 participants | Very low |
Naltrexone/bupropion vs placebo Change in diastolic blood pressure as compared to placebo (mm Hg) from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 8283 participants | Moderate |
Naltrexone/bupropion vs placebo Change in body weight as compared to placebo (kg) from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 8283 participants | Moderate |
Orlistat vs placebo Serious adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [1.1, 1.91] | 3 studies · 1476 participants | Moderate |
Orlistat vs placebo All adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.84, 1.54] | 2 studies · 1386 participants | Very low |
Orlistat vs placebo Change in systolic blood pressure compared to placebo (mm Hg) from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2058 participants | Moderate |
Orlistat vs placebo Change in diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo (mm Hg) from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2058 participants | Moderate |
Orlistat vs placebo Change in body weight compared to placebo (kg) from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2080 participants | Low |
Phentermine/topiramate vs placebo Total mortality · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1305 participants | Low |
Phentermine/topiramate vs placebo Cardiovascular morbidity · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1305 participants | Very low |
Roselle extract vs placebo Change** in SBP at week 8 (mmHg) · hypertension in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Roselle for hypertension in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Roselle extract vs placebo Change** in DBP at week 8 (mmHg) · hypertension in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Roselle for hypertension in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Roselle extract vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse effects · hypertension in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Roselle for hypertension in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Roselle extract vs placebo Change** in pulse pressure (mmHg) · hypertension in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Roselle for hypertension in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Roselle extract vs placebo Change** in heart rate (beats/min) · hypertension in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Roselle for hypertension in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Weight‐reducing diets vs no weight‐reducing diets Total mortality · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing diets in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 845 participants | Very low |
Weight‐reducing diets vs no weight‐reducing diets Cardiovascular morbidity Combined endpoint: necessity of reinstating antihypertensive therapy and severe cardiovascular complications · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing diets in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 294 participants | Very low |
Weight‐reducing diets vs no weight‐reducing diets Adverse events · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing diets in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Weight‐reducing diets vs no weight‐reducing diets Changes in systolic blood pressure [mm Hg] from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing diets in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 731 participants | Low |
Weight‐reducing diets vs no weight‐reducing diets Changes in diastolic blood pressure [mm Hg] from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing diets in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 731 participants | Low |
Weight‐reducing diets vs no weight‐reducing diets Changes in body weight [kg] from baseline to end of study · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing diets in people with hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 880 participants | Moderate |
Walking vs no intervention (overall) Systolic blood pressure · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 73 studies · 5060 participants | Moderate |
Walking vs no intervention by sex SBP in males · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 203 participants | Low |
Walking vs no intervention by sex SBP in females · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 1149 participants | Low |
Walking vs no intervention by sex DBP in males · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 203 participants | Moderate |
Walking vs no intervention by sex DBP in females · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 studies · 1000 participants | Low |
Walking vs no intervention (overall) Diastolic blood pressure · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 69 studies · 4711 participants | Low |
Walking vs no intervention (overall) Heart rate [beats/min] · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 26 studies · 1747 participants | Low |
Walking vs no intervention by age SBP age <=40 · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 491 participants | Moderate |
Walking vs no intervention by age SBP age 41‐60 · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 35 studies · 1959 participants | Low |
Walking vs no intervention by age SBP age >60 · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 24 studies · 2610 participants | Low |
Walking vs no intervention by age DBP age <=40 · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 491 participants | Moderate |
Walking vs no intervention by age DBP age 41‐60 · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 32 studies · 1730 participants | Low |
Walking vs no intervention by age DBP age >60 · adults with or without hypertension Walking for hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 23 studies · 2490 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Myocardial infarction · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 742 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Serum creatinine (mg/dL) · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 721 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Ischaemic stroke · people with resistant hypertension Renal denervation for resistant hypertension (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 892 participants | Low |