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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
515 questions in 31 reviews · Fertility Regulation
current versionsNo studies 99 · 19.2%Ungraded 11 · 2.1%Very low 70 · 13.6%Low 147 · 28.5%Moderate 153 · 29.7%High 35 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mifepristone (600 mg) plus prostaglandin vs mifepristone (200 mg) plus prostaglandin Women's dissatisfaction with the procedure · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prostaglandin alone vs combined regimen Nausea · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.1] | 12 studies · 2722 participants | Low |
Prostaglandin alone vs combined regimen Women's dissatisfaction with the procedure · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [0.75, 3.64] | 5 studies · 1485 participants | Low |
Prostaglandin alone vs combined regimen Blood transfusion · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.03, 3.13] | 1 study · 300 participants | Low |
Oral misoprostol alone vs vaginal misoprostol alone Failure to achieve complete abortion · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.68 [1.56, 8.71] | 2 studies · 216 participants | Low |
Oral misoprostol alone vs vaginal misoprostol alone Nausea · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.92, 1.61] | 2 studies · 216 participants | Low |
Oral misoprostol alone vs vaginal misoprostol alone Women's dissatisfaction with the procedure · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.65, 2.39] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Oral misoprostol alone vs vaginal misoprostol alone Blood transfusion · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sublingual misoprostol alone vs vaginal misoprostol alone Failure to achieve complete abortion · first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.37, 1.28] | 5 studies · 2705 participants | Low |
Sublingual misoprostol alone vs vaginal misoprostol alone Nausea · first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.61 [0.78, 3.33] | 4 studies · 2505 participants | Low |
Sublingual misoprostol alone vs vaginal misoprostol alone Women's dissatisfaction with the procedure · first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.07, 0.29] | 1 study · 220 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (600 mg) plus prostaglandin vs mifepristone (200 mg) plus prostaglandin Blood transfusion · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sublingual misoprostol alone vs vaginal misoprostol alone Blood transfusion · first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 5 [0.24, 102.96] | 1 study · 220 participants | Very low |
Misoprostol 800 µg plus mifepristone 200 mg vs misoprostol 400 µg plus mifepristone 200 mg Failure to achieve complete abortion · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.51, 0.78] | 3 studies · 4424 participants | Moderate |
Misoprostol 800 µg plus mifepristone 200 mg vs misoprostol 400 µg plus mifepristone 200 mg Nausea · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.94, 1.05] | 3 studies · 4424 participants | Moderate |
Misoprostol 800 µg plus mifepristone 200 mg vs misoprostol 400 µg plus mifepristone 200 mg Women's dissatisfaction with the procedure · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.6, 0.93] | 3 studies · 4420 participants | Moderate |
Misoprostol 800 µg plus mifepristone 200 mg vs misoprostol 400 µg plus mifepristone 200 mg Blood transfusion · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Medical abortion self‐administered at home vs administered Failure to achieve complete abortion · women undergoing first trimester abortion Medical methods for first trimester abortion (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [0.68, 3.94] | 4 studies · 2263 participants | Low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Interventions versus comparisons Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Duration of bleeding Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Side effects: gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhoea, lower abdominal pain), headache and sweating Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | OR 4.69 [1.2, 18.44] | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Menstrual blood loss PBAC score Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Menstrual blood loss Number of pads per day Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Duration of bleeding Number of bleeding days Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Side effects: headache Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.58 [0.18, 1.92] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Side effects: vomiting Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.74 [0.25, 2.18] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Duration of bleeding Number of bleeding days Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 290 participants | Very low |
Ulipristal acetate vs placebo Interventions vs comparisons Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ulipristal acetate vs placebo Duration of bleeding Total bleeding in 90 days (bleeding calendar) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Vitamin B1 vs placebo Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Mefanamic acid vs Vitex agnus Interventions vs comparisons Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mefanamic acid vs Vitex agnus Menstrual blood loss PBAC score Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mefanamic acid vs Vitex agnus Side effects: nausea Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.06, 16.53] | 1 participants | Ungraded |
Mefanamic acid vs Vitex agnus Side effects: abdominal pain Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.22] | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Tranexamic acid vs sodium diclofenac Pelvic pain Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.06, 17.25] | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
Naproxen vs placebo Naproxen vs placebo Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Naproxen vs placebo Overall pain relief score (4‐point scale) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Naproxen vs placebo Daily pain relief score (6‐point scale) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Naproxen vs placebo Need for additional analgesia (self‐recorded) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.05, 1.8] | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Naproxen vs placebo Side effects: gastrointestinal symptoms Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.11 [0.18, 25.17] | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids) Menstrual blood loss Number of pads (diary record) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 110 participants | Low |
Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid) Ibuprofen vs placebo Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid) Menstrual blood loss (alkaline hematin method) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | MD 14.11 | NR | Ungraded |
Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid) Duration of bleeding (menstrual diary) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.2 | NR | Ungraded |
Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid) Side effects: eye and mouth swelling, stomach cramps, fatigue, irritability (diary record) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 participants | Ungraded |
Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid) Menstrual blood loss Menstruation "more abundant than normal" (questionnaire) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid) Side effects: dyspepsia, diarrhoea, headache, fatigue (questionnaire) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid) Aspirin vs paracetamol Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid) Menstrual blood loss (alkaline hematin method) Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | MD 0.3 | NR | Ungraded |
Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid) Adverse events or side effects Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |