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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
141 questions in 6 reviews · Esthetic dentistry
current versionsNo studies 16 · 11.3%Ungraded 64 · 45.4%Very low 54 · 38.3%Low 7 · 5%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
10% HP strip vs 2% HP mouthwash/rinse Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 7 days Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD -1.10 [-1.49, -0.71] | 1 study · 28 participants | Ungraded |
6% / 5.3% HP strip vs Placebo Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 2 weeks Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 2.24 [1.83, 2.66] | 4 studies · 195 participants | Low |
6.5% HP strip vs 15% CP gel in tray Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 3 months Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 3.15 [-0.15, 6.45] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
6% HP strip vs 18% CP paint-on gel Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 2 weeks Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | SMD 1.50 [1.06, 1.94] | 2 studies · 102 participants | Very low |
HP strip vs HP mouthwash Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Tooth sensitivity and oral irritation more common in strip group; all mild (Gerlach 2005) | 1 study | Ungraded |
1.5% HP + 0.05% HF mouthwash vs Placebo Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 6 months Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | OR 10.89 [5.08, 23.35] | 1 study · 78 participants | Very low |
CP paint-on gel vs HP strips Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Not reported | NR | No studies |
18% CP paint-on gel (4x/day) vs 18% CP paint-on gel (2x/day) Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 1 week Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 1.39 [0.50, 2.28] | 1 study · 69 participants | Very low |
14% HP strip vs Placebo Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 6 weeks Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 5.16 [4.21, 6.11] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
HP strips vs Placebo Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Mild and transient tooth sensitivity and oral irritation were the most common adverse events reported in most of the trials | 7 studies | Ungraded |
14% HP strip vs Placebo Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 3 weeks Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 7.60 [6.18, 9.02] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
1% STPP chewing gum vs Placebo Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 6 weeks Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 0.18 [0.10, 0.26] | 1 study · 108 participants | Very low |
CP gel in tray vs HP gel in tray Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | No difference between HP and CP in tray groups in tooth sensitivity and oral irritation | 3 studies | Ungraded |
6% HP strip vs Placebo Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 6 weeks Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 2.90 [1.73, 4.07] | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
10% CP gel in tray vs 16% CP gel in tray Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 2-year follow-up Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 1.20 [-0.35, 2.75] | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
HP strips vs HP strips Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Very thin gel had less tooth sensitivity than thicker gel despite higher HP; not significant | 2 studies | Ungraded |
SPC paint-on gel vs HP paint-on gel Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Tooth sensitivity in one subject from both groups; one subject in 19% SPC reported oral sensitivity; all mild (Gerlach 2003) | 1 study | Ungraded |
10% HP strip vs Placebo Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 15 days Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 1.93 [1.34, 2.52] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
10% CP gel in tray vs 6% HP gel in tray Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 2 weeks, medium-dark and light baseline shade Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD -2.22 [-2.63, -1.81] | 2 studies | Very low |
6% HP paint-on gel vs Placebo Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 2 weeks Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | SMD 0.67 [0.19, 1.14] | 2 studies · 148 participants | Very low |
10% CP gel in tray + KN + NaF vs 10% CP gel in tray Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 2 weeks Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | SMD 0.32 [-0.20, 0.84] | 2 studies · 58 participants | Very low |
20% CP gel in tray vs 7.5% HP gel in tray Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 12 weeks Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.25 [-0.40, -0.10] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
19% SPC paint-on gel vs 18% CP paint-on gel Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · 14 days Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD -0.58 [-0.95, -0.21] | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
10% HP strip vs Placebo Tooth whitening - assessed by the dentist · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… · day 8 Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | MD 2.24 [1.72, 2.76] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
STPP chewing gum vs Placebo Adverse effects · Adults (>=18 years) undergoing home-based bleaching (including tetracycline- and smoking-stained teeth, any baseline… Home‐based chemically‐induced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults (2018) · Cochrane | Not reported | NR | No studies |
A permanent restorative material or technique (e.g. amalgam; glass ionomer (type I-IV); composite resin (macrofilled, microfilled, hybrid, nanofilled); resin-modified glass ionomer (compomer, giomer); cement/cermet; stainless steel or nickel-chrome crown; pre-fabricated resin/porcelain veneer facing; microabrasion) vs A different permanent restorative material or technique Outcome NR · Children and adolescents under 18 years with amelogenesis imperfecta requiring restorative care of anterior teeth,… Interventions for the restorative care of amelogenesis imperfecta in children and adolescents (2013) · Cochrane | Main results: No studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Effects of interventions: No studies met the inclusion criteria. | 0 studies | No studies |
A permanent restorative material or technique (e.g. amalgam; glass ionomer (type I-IV); composite resin (macrofilled, microfilled, hybrid, nanofilled); resin-modified glass ionomer (compomer, giomer); cement/cermet; stainless steel or nickel-chrome crown; pre-fabricated resin/porcelain veneer facing; microabrasion) vs A different permanent restorative material or technique Outcome NR · Children and adolescents under 18 years with amelogenesis imperfecta requiring restorative care of posterior teeth,… Interventions for the restorative care of amelogenesis imperfecta in children and adolescents (2013) · Cochrane | Main results: No studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Effects of interventions: No studies met the inclusion criteria. | 0 studies | No studies |
Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium) Tactile sensitivity (method a, ordinal scale) · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces · 6 to 8 weeks Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity (2006) · Cochrane | MD -0.65 [-1.07, -0.23] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium) Thermal sensitivity · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces · 6 to 8 weeks Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity (2006) · Cochrane | MD -1.10 [-1.64, -0.55] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium) Subjective assessment of sensitivity · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces · 6 to 8 weeks Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity (2006) · Cochrane | SMD -0.67 [-1.44, 0.10] | 3 studies · 206 participants | Ungraded |
Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium) Air blast sensitivity · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces · 6 to 8 weeks Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity (2006) · Cochrane | SMD -1.25 [-1.65, -0.85] | 6 studies · 392 participants | Ungraded |
Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium) Tactile sensitivity (method b, continuous probe) · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces · 6 to 8 weeks Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity (2006) · Cochrane | SMD 1.19 [0.79, 1.59] | 5 studies · 356 participants | Ungraded |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Adverse reactions · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; no adverse-reaction data were reported by the included trial. | 0 studies | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Pain following treatment · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; pain following treatment was not reported by the included trial (earlier trial publications reported treatment times, not pain). | 0 studies | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Restoration failure (longevity) · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations · 2 years Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Meijering 1998 (data by restoration, not pooled; no statistical analysis possible). Failures over 2-year follow-up: direct resin composite (n=69) 4 absolute and 14 relative failures; indirect resin composite (n=54) 7… | 1 study · 123 participants | Ungraded |
Indirect veneer with no incisal edge reduction vs Indirect veneer with incisal edge reduction (1.5 mm plus short palatal bevel) Restoration survival (longevity) · Patients receiving indirect laminate veneer restorations on permanent anterior teeth · 2 years Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Meijering 1998 (Table 3): survival percentages by preparation type at 2 years (original/functional/overall) - no incisal edge reduction 98/97/95; incisal reduction 95/90/87. No statistical comparison performed. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Cost of treatment · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; cost of treatment was not reported by the included trial. | 0 studies | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Patient satisfaction · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations · 2 years Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Meijering 1998 (Table 4): patients satisfied at 2 years - direct resin composite 67%, indirect resin composite 82%. No statistical comparison performed. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Porcelain (indirect) veneer Patient satisfaction · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations · 2 years Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Meijering 1998 (Table 4): patients satisfied at 2 years - direct resin composite 67%, porcelain 93%. No statistical comparison performed. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Porcelain (indirect) veneer Restoration failure (longevity) · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations · 2 years Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Meijering 1998 (data by restoration, not pooled; no statistical analysis possible). Failures over 2-year follow-up: direct resin composite (n=69) 4 absolute and 14 relative failures; porcelain (n=56) 0 absolute and 3… | 1 study · 125 participants | Ungraded |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Colour match (aesthetic achievement) · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; colour match was not reported by the single included trial (Meijering 1998). | 0 studies | No studies |