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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
806 questions in 76 reviews · ENT
current versionsNo studies 293 · 36.4%Ungraded 6 · 0.7%Very low 244 · 30.3%Low 170 · 21.1%Moderate 85 · 10.5%High 8 · 1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotics vs no treatment Adverse event: anaphylaxis · children (aged 6 months to 12 years) with otitis media with effusion (OME) Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Oral steroids vs placebo Hearing ‐ return to normal hearing · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.97, 1.33] | NR | Moderate |
Topical (intranasal) steroids vs placebo Disease‐specific quality of life (total OM8‐30 score, lower score is more favourable) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Topical (intranasal) steroids vs placebo Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical (intranasal) steroids vs placebo Adverse event: systemic corticosteroid side effects · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical (intranasal) steroids vs no treatment Hearing ‐ hearing threshold (air‐bone gap, very short‐term); assumed ICC = 0.5 · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Topical (intranasal) steroids vs no treatment Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical (intranasal) steroids vs no treatment Presence/persistence of OME (short‐term); assumed ICC = 0.5 · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.57, 0.91] | NR | Very low |
Topical (intranasal) steroids vs no treatment Adverse event: systemic corticosteroid side effects · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral steroids vs placebo Disease‐specific quality of life (total OM8‐30, lower score is more favourable) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Oral steroids vs placebo Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Oral steroids vs placebo Adverse event: systemic corticosteroid side effects · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Oral steroids vs no treatment Hearing · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral steroids vs no treatment Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral steroids vs no treatment Presence/persistence of OME (3 to 9 months ‐ medium‐term) № of participants: 258 (2 RCTs) · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.89, 1.17] | NR | Low |
Oral steroids vs no treatment Adverse event: systemic corticosteroid side effects · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Topical (intranasal) steroids vs placebo Hearing ‐ hearing threshold; assumed ICC = 0.5 · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME) Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Dietary intervention (probiotics) vs placebo Improvement in vertigo · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vestibular rehabilitation vs no treatment Serious adverse effects · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dietary intervention (probiotics) vs placebo Change in vertigo: global score · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204 participants | Very low |
Dietary intervention (probiotics) vs placebo Change in vertigo: frequency · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 204 participants | Very low |
Dietary intervention (probiotics) vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) vs no treatment Improvement in vertigo · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) vs no treatment Vertigo (global score) at < 3 months · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) vs no treatment Serious adverse events · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vestibular rehabilitation vs no treatment Improvement in vertigo · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vestibular rehabilitation vs no treatment Change in vertigo · adults with vestibular migraine Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Triptans vs placebo Improvement in vertigo (global score) ‐ up to 2 hours · adults with acute attacks of vestibular migraine Pharmacological interventions for acute attacks of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.66, 1.07] | 2 studies · 262 participants | Very low |
Triptans vs placebo Change in vertigo · adults with acute attacks of vestibular migraine Pharmacological interventions for acute attacks of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Triptans vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with acute attacks of vestibular migraine Pharmacological interventions for acute attacks of vestibular migraine (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 114 participants | Very low |
Transcranial direct current stimulation vs placebo Improvement in vertigo at 3 to ≤ 6 months · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vestibular rehabilitation vs placebo or no treatment Serious adverse events · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vestibular rehabilitation vs placebo or no treatment CI: confidence interval · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcranial direct current stimulation vs placebo Change in vertigo at 3 to ≤ 6 months · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcranial direct current stimulation vs placebo Serious adverse events · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Talking therapies or stress management vs placebo or no treatment Improvement in vertigo at 3 to ≤ 6 months · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Talking therapies or stress management vs placebo or no treatment Change in vertigo at 3 to ≤ 6 months · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Talking therapies or stress management vs placebo or no treatment Serious adverse events · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Talking therapies or stress management vs placebo or no treatment CI: confidence interval · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vestibular rehabilitation vs placebo or no treatment Improvement in vertigo at 3 to ≤ 6 months · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vestibular rehabilitation vs placebo or no treatment Change in vertigo at 3 to ≤ 6 months · adults with PPPD Non‐pharmacological interventions for persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic corticosteroids vs systemic corticosteroids Change in hearing threshold determined by PTA Range 0 dB to 140 dB Negative values represent lowering and positive values represent raising of the hearing threshold. A lower hearing threshold represents hearing improvement). Â · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 701 participants | Low |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Change in hearing threshold determined by PTA Range 0 dB to 140 dB Negative values represent lowering and positive values represent raising of the hearing threshold. A lower hearing threshold represents hearing improvement. Â · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 435 participants | Low |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Proportion of patients whose hearing is improved · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [1.15, 1.41] | 10 studies · 788 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Final hearing threshold determined by PTA A lower value represents better hearing · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 194 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Adverse eventsb · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Persistent tympanic membrane perforation · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 474 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Vertigo/dizziness: timing not reported · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Vertigo/dizziness: at the time of injection · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 341 participants | Very low |
Intratympanic plus systemic corticosteroids (combined therapy) vs systemic corticosteroids alone Ear pain: timing not reported · sudden sensorineural hearing loss Intratympanic corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |