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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 3 RCTs; 1359 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1359 participants | High |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 0 RCTs; 0 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total studies: 6 RCTs Total participants: 7252 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 7252 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 798 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 798 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 3 RCTs; 2219 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2219 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 1853 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1853 participants | High |
Intervention NR LD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 0 RCTs; 0 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Low |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1210 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1210 participants | High |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LAMA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total studies: 3 RCTs Total participants: 3828 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3828 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 1011 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1011 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 774 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 774 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1167 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1167 participants | High |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total studies: 34 RCTs Total participants: 32,684 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 34 studies · 32684 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS (Direct evidence; 6 RCTs; 2211 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 2211 participants | High |
Intervention NR LD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 5846 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 5846 participants | High |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 282 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 282 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 4 RCTs; 2239 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2239 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 21 RCTs; 20326 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 21 studies · 20326 participants | High |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 4 RCTs; 2750 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2750 participants | High |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 10 RCTs; 15,651 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 15651 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 3 RCTs; 3319 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3319 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total studies: 25 RCTs Total participants: 25,583 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 studies · 25583 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS (Direct evidence; 4 RCTs; 1685 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1685 participants | Moderate |
Self‐management interventions vs usual care HRQoL · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2778 participants | Low |
Self‐management interventions vs usual care Respiratory‐related hospital admissions · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.75 [0.57, 0.98] | 3263 participants | Very low |
Self‐management interventions vs usual care Respiratory‐related mortality · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.7 [0.89, 3.26] | 1572 participants | Low |
Self‐management interventions vs usual care All‐cause mortality · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.59, 1.26] | 5719 participants | Low |
Self‐management interventions vs usual care All‐cause hospital admissions · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.71, 1.08] | 2633 participants | Moderate |
Self‐management interventions vs usual care Health status ‐ Dyspnoea · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 356 participants | Low |
Self‐management interventions vs usual care ED visits · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1939 participants | Low |
Self‐management interventions vs usual care Health status ‐ Anxiety and depression · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1647 participants | Moderate |
Self‐management interventions vs usual care COPD exacerbations · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1401 participants | Moderate |
Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids Outcomes* · adults and children with chronic asthma Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids Treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (ITT) · adults and children with chronic asthma Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.76, 1.25] | 8 studies · 1774 participants | Moderate |
Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids Treatment failure: need for systemic corticosteroids (of those starting inhaler) · adults and children with chronic asthma Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.54, 1.3] | 7 studies · 766 participants | Very low |
Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids Unscheduled physician visits 44 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.66, 1.41] | 3 studies · 931 participants | Low |
Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids Unscheduled acute care, ED visit, or hospital admission 47 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and… (2022) · Cochrane | 0.5 [0.16, 1.56] | 4 studies · 704 participants | Very low |
Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids Serious adverse events 48 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.69 [0.77, 3.71] | 2 studies · 394 participants | Very low |
Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids Non‐serious adverse events 43 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and… (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.15 [0.68, 6.73] | 2 studies · 142 participants | Very low |
Increased vs stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids Duration of exacerbation ‐ time to symptom recovery and lung function recovery 52 weeks · adults and children with chronic asthma Increased versus stable doses of inhaled corticosteroids for exacerbations of chronic asthma in adults and… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 207 participants | Low |
Mepolizumab subcutaneous (SC) vs placebo Rate of clinically significant exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · people with asthma Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for asthma (2022) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.45 [0.36, 0.55] | 2 studies · 936 participants | High |
Mepolizumab intravenous (IV) vs placebo Health‐related quality of life (AQLQ)Scale from: 1‐7 (higher is better) · people with asthma Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 369 participants | High |
Mepolizumab intravenous (IV) vs placebo Health‐related quality of life (ACQ)Scale from: 0‐6 (lower is better) · people with asthma Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 369 participants | High |
Mepolizumab intravenous (IV) vs placebo Pre‐bronchodilator FEV1 (L) · people with asthma Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for asthma (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 690 participants | High |
Mepolizumab intravenous (IV) vs placebo Serious adverse events · people with asthma Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for asthma (2022) · Cochrane | Risk ratio 0.59 [0.37, 0.94] | 3 studies · 751 participants | High |