Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

121 questions · 122 findings · 25 reviews · Schizophrenia

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No studies found 25 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 14 · 11.5%Very low 52 · 42.6%Low 24 · 19.7%Moderate 7 · 5.7%High 0 · 0%

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Mental state · patients with schizophrenia

2 findings from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported
Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 77 participants
Low

ANY INTERMITTENT DRUG TECHNIQUE vs placebo

Mental state · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent drug techniques for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

NIDOTHERAPY‐ENHANCED STANDARD CARE vs usual care

Clinical response: no clinically significant response in mental state · schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Nidotherapy for people with schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 37 participants
Low

Bromperidol decanoate vs placebo

Global state: Response ‐ proxy outcome ‐ mental state: 1. General ‐ average score (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale by over 24 weeks · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Bromperidol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Bromperidol decanoate vs other depot antipsychotic drugs

Global state: Response ‐ proxy outcome ‐ mental state: 1. General ‐ average score (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale by over 24 weeks · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Bromperidol decanoate (depot) for schizophrenia 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

ZOTEPINE vs CLOZAPINE

Mental state: psychopathology Total endpoint data, BPRS (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐126) · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Zotepine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Day hospitals vs Inpatient

Feasibility and engagement: lost to · patients with acute psychiatric disorders

Day hospital showed no clear difference in feasibility and engagement: lost to compared with inpatient (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Day hospital versus admission for acute psychiatric disorders 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.82, 1.08]
5 studies · 1694 participants
Moderate

Day hospitals vs Inpatient

Extent of hospital care: 1. duration of index admission · patients with acute psychiatric disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Day hospital versus admission for acute psychiatric disorders 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1582 participants
Moderate

Day hospitals vs Inpatient

Extent of hospital care: 3. duration of day patient care (adjusted days/month) · patients with acute psychiatric disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Day hospital versus admission for acute psychiatric disorders 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 465 participants
Very low

Day hospitals vs Inpatient

Extent of hospital care: 5. readmitted to in/day patient care after discharge · patients with acute psychiatric disorders

It is very uncertain whether day hospital changes extent of hospital care: 5. readmitted to in/day patient care after… compared with inpatient (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Day hospital versus admission for acute psychiatric disorders 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.72, 1.15]
5 studies · 667 participants
Very low

Day hospitals vs Inpatient

Unemployed (at end of study) · patients with acute psychiatric disorders

Day hospital may leads to lower unemployed (at end of study) compared with inpatient (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Day hospital versus admission for acute psychiatric disorders 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.67, 0.97]
2 studies · 320 participants
Low

Day hospitals vs Inpatient

Quality of Life Manchester Short Assessment (MANSA) · patients with acute psychiatric disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Day hospital versus admission for acute psychiatric disorders 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1117 participants
Moderate

Day hospitals vs Inpatient

Treatment satisfaction: average overall role score ‐ at discharge CAT ‐ Client Assessment of Treatment · patients with acute psychiatric disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Day hospital versus admission for acute psychiatric disorders 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1117 participants
Moderate

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tardive dyskinesia: no clinically important improvement compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.6, 2.09]
2 studies · 32 participants
Very low

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

Adverse effect: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ not reported · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

Acceptability · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 21 participants
Very low

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not measured · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tardive dyskinesia: deterioration in symptoms compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.48 [0.22, 9.82]
2 studies · 30 participants
Very low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Adverse effect: any adverse event · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Adverse effect: no clinically significant extrapyramidal adverse effects · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found