What do systematic reviews say?

3% mepivacaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

3% mepivacaine plain may leads to lower speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -1.23 [-2.31, -0.16]
  3 studies · 85 participants
  Low

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.33 [0.33, 5.36]
  2 studies · 28 participants
  Very low

2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:80,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epinephrine changes success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:80,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.81 [0.65, 1.01]
  2 studies · 60 participants
  Very low

2% lidocaine, 1:80,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 2% lidocaine, 1:80,000 epinephrine changes success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.27 [1.01, 1.59]
  2 studies · 60 participants
  Very low

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker showed no clear difference in ventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

• Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.31, 1.49]
  5 studies · 476 participants
  Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs control—non‐cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker leads to lower all supraventricular arrhythmias—non‐cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—non‐cardiac surgery (high certainty).

• Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.57, 0.94]
  8 studies · 8744 participants
  High

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker probably leads to lower ventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—cardiac surgery (moderate certainty).

• Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.24, 0.58]
  12 studies · 2292 participants
  Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs control—cardiac surgery

Beta‐blocker leads to lower all supraventricular arrhythmias—cardiac surgery ECG compared with control—cardiac surgery (high certainty).

• Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.36, 0.53]
  48 studies · 6420 participants
  High

4% articaine plain vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine plain changes duration of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -37.08 [-60.95, -13.21]
  2 studies · 100 participants
  Very low

2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epinephrine changes speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -0.44 [-1.66, 0.79]
  4 studies · 92 participants
  Very low

0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine may leads to higher speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 3.32 [0.27, 6.37]
  2 studies · 63 participants
  Low

4% prilocaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

4% prilocaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine may leads to higher success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.74 [1.16, 2.60]
  2 studies · 78 participants
  Low

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine showed no clear difference in success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.97 [0.87, 1.08]
  5 studies · 248 participants
  Low

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.19 [-2.06, 2.45]
  2 studies · 40 participants
  Very low

0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine showed no clear difference in success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 0.80 [0.62, 1.05]
  3 studies · 90 participants
  Low

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine changes speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -0.63 [-1.69, 0.42]
  6 studies · 202 participants
  Very low

4% articaine plain vs 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine plain changes speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.03 [-0.66, 0.71]
  2 studies · 102 participants
  Very low

4% prilocaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

4% prilocaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine showed no clear difference in success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.14 [0.91, 1.43]
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.15 [-0.42, 0.73]
  5 studies · 162 participants
  Very low

PLMA vs tracheal tube

• Supraglottic airway devices versus tracheal intubation for airway management during general anaesthesia in obese… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 232 participants
  GRADE not reported