What do systematic reviews say?

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 207 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 298 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth showed no clear difference in miscarriage/stillbirth compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.2, 3.14]
  2 studies · 320 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 162 participants
  Very low

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of preterm infants vs placebo or no intervention

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in any necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.13, 1.46]
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of preterm infants vs placebo or no intervention

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in death prior to hospital discharge compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.06, 6.88]
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of preterm infants vs placebo or no intervention

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in death or NEC compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.19, 1.49]
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of preterm infants vs placebo or no intervention

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in surgery for NEC compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.15 [0.01, 2.58]
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of preterm infants vs placebo or no intervention

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in neonatal sepsis compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [0.48, 3.61]
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of preterm infants vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of preterm infants vs placebo or no intervention

• Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 58 participants
  Low

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any amount and any duration of treatment) vs control

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any… showed no clear difference in infant death (age < 1 year) compared with control (low certainty).

• Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.71, 1.13]
  5 studies · 1115 participants
  Low

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any amount and any duration of treatment) vs control

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any… showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (at 36 to 38 weeks' PMA) compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.9, 1.2]
  2 studies · 737 participants
  Moderate

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any amount and any duration of treatment) vs control

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any… showed no clear difference in ROP, stage ≥ 3 or ≥ 2 compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.75, 1.06]
  3 studies · 810 participants
  Moderate

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any amount and any duration of treatment) vs control

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any… showed no clear difference in sepsis (early or late onset) compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.95, 1.54]
  4 studies · 1067 participants
  Moderate

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any amount and any duration of treatment) vs control

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any… showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis (suspected or proven) compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.64, 1.39]
  5 studies · 1115 participants
  Moderate

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any amount and any duration of treatment) vs control

Inositol supplementation to preterm infants (repeat doses in any… showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage, grade > 2 compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.58, 1.01]
  5 studies · 1103 participants
  Moderate