Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

60 questions · 63 findings · 6 reviews · Pain control and patient management

No studies found 35 · 55.6%GRADE not reported 8 · 12.7%Very low 17 · 27%Low 2 · 3.2%Moderate 1 · 1.6%High 0 · 0%

3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Success of local anaesthesia, absence of pain (clinical testing of healthy pulps, hard and soft tissues) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin probably leads to lower success of local anaesthesia, absence of pain (clinical testing of… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen taken pre-emptively (about 1 hour before treatment) vs Ibuprofen taken post-treatment

Rescue analgesia · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

Ibuprofen taken pre-emptively (about 1 hour before treatment) showed no clear difference in rescue analgesia compared with ibuprofen taken post-treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen taken pre-emptively (about 1 hour before treatment) vs Ibuprofen taken post-treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

It is very uncertain whether ibuprofen taken pre-emptively (about 1 hour before treatment) changes pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with ibuprofen taken post-treatment (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Video modelling acclimatisation vs Acclimatisation in clinic (tell-show-do)

Anxiety · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia

Video modelling acclimatisation showed no clear difference in pre- and post-operative anxiety measures (Venham's scale) compared with acclimatisation in clinic (tell-show-do); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Audiovisual distraction vs Conventional treatment

Anxiety · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia

Audiovisual distraction led to lower pre- and post-operative anxiety measures (Modified Child Dental… compared with conventional treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Laser (low-level laser) at P6 point vs sham control

Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled children

It is very uncertain whether laser (low-level laser) at P6 point changes presence or absence of gagging compared with control (sham/dummy laser) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture at P6 point with sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupuncture with sedation

Presence or absence of gagging · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials enrolled adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hypnosis vs No hypnosis (no hypnotic intervention)

Physiological measures during local anaesthesia (pulse rate and oxygen saturation) · Children aged 4 to 13 years with no previous dental experience undergoing restorative treatment with local anaesthesia (Gokli 1994)
1 finding from 1 review
  • With regard to oxygen saturation and pulse rate, only pulse rate was significantly lower in the hypnosis group (P = 0.005); oxygen saturation did not differ significantly. (Gokli 1994; cross-over, 29 children.)
    1 study · 29 participants
    GRADE not reported

Hypnosis vs No hypnosis (no hypnotic intervention)

Measures of behaviour during local anaesthesia administration (undesirable behaviours: crying, hand movement, physical resistance, leg movement) · Children aged 4 to 13 years with no previous dental experience undergoing restorative treatment with local anaesthesia (Gokli 1994)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Patients who were hypnotised demonstrated fewer undesirable behaviours (crying, hand movement, physical resistance and leg movement) than those who did not undergo hypnosis. Decreased crying with hypnosis was the only…
    1 study · 29 participants
    GRADE not reported