Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

55 questions · 56 findings · 10 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 12 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.8%Very low 18 · 32.1%Low 13 · 23.2%Moderate 12 · 21.4%High 0 · 0%

Psychological therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care

Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms

Psychological therapy may leads to higher treatment response at end of treatment CGI‐improvement/Global… compared with usual care or waiting list (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs enhanced or structured care

Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · people with somatoform disorders and medically unexplained physical symptoms

Psychological therapy showed no clear difference in acceptability 1 ‐ proportion of participants withdrawing during… compared with enhanced or structured care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behaviour therapy + treatment‐as‐usual vs usual care

Physical aggression · adults with antisocial personality disorder

Cognitive behaviour therapy + treatment‐as‐usual showed no clear difference in aggression (any act of physical aggression) Assessed by: number… compared with treatment‐as‐usual alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Below‐elbow vs above‐elbow cast

Minor complications (less serious).j Here represented by referral for physical therapy for range of motion limitation (post‐immobilisation after 4 weeks) · children with either displaced distal radius fracture with intact or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture), or minimally displaced…

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Below‐elbow changes minor complications.,j,k Here represented by Referral for physical… compared with above‐elbow cast (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) vs not surgery (cast only)

Minor complications (less serious).j Here represented by referral for physical therapy for range of motion limitation (post‐immobilisation after 4 weeks) · children with displaced distal radius fracture with intact or involved or displaced ulna fracture (both‐bone fracture)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings. Surgery (percutaneous wire fixation) changes minor complications (less serious).j Here represented by referral… compared with not surgery (cast only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review