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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

62 questions · 62 findings · 3 reviews · Consumers and Communication

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No studies found 25 · 40.3%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.6%Very low 15 · 24.2%Low 14 · 22.6%Moderate 7 · 11.3%High 0 · 0%

Summary of findings: multimedia education vs written education

Knowledge · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: multimedia education changes knowledge (number whose knowledge score improved) compared with written education (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multimedia education vs written education

Number who improved on skill (global inhaler technique rating) · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

Summary of findings: multimedia education probably leads to higher number who improved on skill (global inhaler technique rating) compared with written education (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Skill acquisition Mean inhaler technique score (%), higher score indicates better technique. Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Health outcome (Number who had a medical complication of pelvic inflammatory disease) · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention showed no clear difference in health outcome (Number who had a medical complication of pelvic… compared with co‐intervention alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: multimedia education and a co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

Medication side effects Mean adverse self‐medication behaviour score (lower scores indicate safer self‐medication behaviour). Scale from: 0 to 40. · patients taking prescribed and over‐the‐counter medications or their carers
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Treatment outcomes (Different measures) · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Health behaviours · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Involvement in care (Mutual understanding) · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Evaluations of care (Different measures) · CALD patients and their health professionals (Primary care settings in high income countries)
1 finding from 1 review