Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,429 questions · 3,558 findings · 436 reviews

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No studies found 660 · 18.5%GRADE not reported 375 · 10.5%Very low 727 · 20.4%Low 887 · 24.9%Moderate 709 · 19.9%High 200 · 5.6%

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Change in quality of life at long‐term · interstitial lung disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 240 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs no pulmonary rehabilitation

Long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) · interstitial lung disease

Pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in long‐term survival (incidence of mortality) compared with no pulmonary rehabilitation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.4 [0.14, 1.12]
4 studies · 291 participants
Low

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

Pain · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

Chronic neck pain and CGH Intermediate‐term · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

High dose of manipulation showed no clear difference in chronic neck pain and CGH Intermediate‐term compared with low dose of manipulation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 50 participants
Moderate

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

Function · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

aImprecision: ‐1. · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported

Continuous pulse oximetry vs no/intermittent pulse oximetry

Hypoxaemia · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
235 participants
GRADE not reported

Continuous pulse oximetry vs no/intermittent pulse oximetry

Changes to patient care · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21037 participants
GRADE not reported

Continuous pulse oximetry vs no/intermittent pulse oximetry

Complications · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20802 participants
GRADE not reported

Continuous pulse oximetry vs no/intermittent pulse oximetry

In‐hospital mortality · patients undergoing surgery requiring anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22021 participants
GRADE not reported

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Improvement in WHO functional class · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i leads to higher improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 8.59 [3.95, 18.72]
4 studies · 282 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 509 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

All‐cause mortality · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.26 [0.07, 1.06]
3 studies · 492 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Physical functioning component of health‐related quality of life, measured using various scales · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 267 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 387 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Cardiac output · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 310 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 303 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Improvement in WHO functional class · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in improvement in WHO functional class compared with ERA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.55, 1.6]
1 study · 244 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 36 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

All‐cause mortality · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with ERA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.19 [0.74, 13.64]
2 studies · 272 participants
Moderate