What do systematic reviews say?

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes time to first exacerbation compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.05 [0.67, 1.65]
  1 study · 166 participants
  Very low

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 38 participants
  Low
• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low
• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 203 participants
  Very low

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 521 participants
  Very low

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) showed no clear difference in number of people who had at least 1 hospital admission compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.81 [0.55, 1.18]
  2 studies · 447 participants
  Low

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) probably leads to lower number of people re‐admitted (all‐cause) compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.5 [0.31, 0.81]
  3 studies · 344 participants
  Moderate

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes mortality (all‐cause) overall analysis compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.62 [0.39, 1.01]
  9 studies · 1886 participants
  Very low

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes adverse events: number of people with 1 or more (all‐cause) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.91 [0.62, 1.33]
  2 studies · 485 participants
  Very low

Asthma Clinics (Intervention) vs controls

It is very uncertain whether asthma Clinics (Intervention) changes A&E visits Number of people experiencing one or more A&E visit compared with controls (very low certainty).

• Primary care based clinics for asthma 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.03 [0.21, 5.15]
  2 studies · 344 participants
  Very low

Asthma Clinics (Intervention) vs controls

Asthma Clinics (Intervention) showed no clear difference in hospital admissions Number of people experiencing one or more… compared with controls (low certainty).

• Primary care based clinics for asthma 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.32 [0.09, 1.21]
  2 studies · 344 participants
  Low

Asthma Clinics (Intervention) vs controls

• Primary care based clinics for asthma 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 263 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Singing for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 52 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Singing for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 52 participants
  Low

Testosterone vs placebo

• Interventions for sexual dysfunction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Low

Testosterone vs placebo

• Interventions for sexual dysfunction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Low

Testosterone vs placebo

Testosterone therapy showed no clear difference in adverse events (all cause) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for sexual dysfunction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.07, 15.54]
  1 study · 29 participants
  Low

Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone or inactive control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation for central sleep apnoea in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found