Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

51 questions · 51 findings · 3 reviews · Vascular

No studies found 6 · 11.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 23 · 45.1%Moderate 16 · 31.4%High 6 · 11.8%

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low molecular weight heparin

Major VTE events bilateral ascending venography1 · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in major VTE events bilateral ascending venography1 compared with low molecular weight heparins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low molecular weight heparin

All‐cause Mortality events · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors probably leads to higher all‐cause Mortality events compared with low molecular weight heparins (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low molecular weight heparin

Total Bleeding events · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in total Bleeding events compared with low molecular weight heparins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs low molecular weight heparin

ALT >3 times the upper normal limit · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors may leads to lower ALT >3 times the upper normal limit compared with low molecular weight heparins (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major VTE events in TKR combined doses bilateral ascending venography · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in major VTE events in TKR combined doses bilateral ascending venography compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

All‐cause Mortality events in TKR combined doses · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in all‐cause Mortality events in TKR combined doses compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Total Bleeding events in TKR combined doses · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in total Bleeding events in TKR combined doses compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Direct thrombin inhibitors vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

ALT >3 times the upper normal limit · patients with prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement

Direct thrombin inhibitors showed no clear difference in ALT >3 times the upper normal limit at the end of compared with vitamin K antagonists (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review