What do systematic reviews say?

Subcutaneous omalizumab + steroid vs placebo + steroid (stable steroid)

Subcutaneous omalizumab + steroid probably leads to lower number of participants with at least one exacerbation Moderate to… compared with placebo + steroid (stable steroid) (moderate certainty).

• Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.5 [0.42, 0.6]
  7 studies · 2889 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists probably leads to lower moderate exacerbations (course of antibiotics or oral steroids) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.73 [0.61, 0.87]
  7 studies · 3375 participants
  Moderate

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists vs placebo

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in severe/moderate exacerbations (hospitalisation or course of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.76, 1.02]
  7 studies · 3968 participants
  Moderate

IV + inhaled beta agonist vs inhaled beta‐agonist

IV + inhaled beta agonist probably leads to lower clinical Failure (children with a severe to moderate overall… compared with inhaled beta‐agonist (moderate certainty).

• Addition of intravenous beta₂‐agonists to inhaled beta₂‐agonists for acute asthma 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.09 [0.02, 0.38]
  1 study · 29 participants
  Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations treated… compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.04 [0.81, 1.34]
  14 studies · 1778 participants
  High

Vitamin D vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.56 [0.26, 1.21]
  9 studies · 1070 participants
  Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo

• Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1271 participants
  Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo

• Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1286 participants
  High

Vitamin D vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.89 [0.56, 1.41]
  12 studies · 1556 participants
  High

Vitamin D vs placebo

• Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 1976 participants
  Low

Vitamin D vs placebo

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in withdrawals from trial compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.05 [0.77, 1.43]
  20 studies · 2225 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 679 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 7569 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 1759 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  25 studies · 25583 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of inhaled… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1685 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 12407 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 5452 participants
  High