Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

259 questions · 260 findings · 27 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 22 · 8.5%GRADE not reported 15 · 5.8%Very low 30 · 11.5%Low 99 · 38.1%Moderate 79 · 30.4%High 15 · 5.8%

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Quality of life · bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Dual antibiotics for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Myofunctional therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

AHI · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Snoring frequency: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Snoring intensity: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs respiratory exercises + nasal dilator strip

Daytime sleepiness (ESS): endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs respiratory exercises + nasal dilator strip

Quality of sleep · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 97 participants
Moderate

Myofunctional therapy vs respiratory exercises + nasal dilator strip

AHI · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs medical treatment

Daytime sleepiness (ESS): change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 26 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs medical treatment

Quality of sleep · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 26 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs medical treatment

Snoring frequency: change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 26 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs medical treatment

Snoring intensity: change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 26 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs waiting list control

Daytime sleepiness (ESS): change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs waiting list control

Quality of sleep · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs waiting list control

AHI score change. · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Low

Myofunctional therapy vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Daytime sleepiness (ESS): endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea

1 finding from 1 review

Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

Single inhaler therapy leads to lower discontinuation due to adverse events compared with fixed dose ICS (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.57 [0.35, 0.93]
2 studies · 2586 participants
High

Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS

Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

Single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in patients with exacerbations causing hospitalisation compared with fixed dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.56 [0.28, 1.09]
3 studies · 4209 participants
Moderate

Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS

Rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

Single inhaler therapy leads to lower patients with exacerbations treated with oral steroids compared with fixed dose ICS (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.54 [0.45, 0.64]
4 studies · 4280 participants
High

Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS

Fatal serious adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

Single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in fatal serious adverse events compared with fixed dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.37 [0.05, 2.62]
3 studies · 4209 participants
Moderate

Single inhaler therapy vs fixed dose ICS

Non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS

Single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with fixed dose ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.97 [0.73, 1.29]
3 studies · 4209 participants
Moderate