Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,410 questions · 8,901 findings · 1,091 reviews

No studies found 1,687 · 19%GRADE not reported 1,469 · 16.5%Very low 1,969 · 22.1%Low 2,060 · 23.1%Moderate 1,302 · 14.6%High 414 · 4.7%

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Slow vs fast subcutaneous heparin injection

Bruise incidence ‐ 48 hours after injection · patients treated with subcutaneous heparin injections

Slow may leads to lower bruise incidence ‐ 48 hours after injection compared with fast subcutaneous heparin injection (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Death (all causes) · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in death (all causes) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Graft loss including death · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in total graft loss (with death) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Biopsy‐proven acute rejection · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low probably leads to higher biopsy‐proven acute rejection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

CMV infection · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in CMV infection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Malignancy · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in all malignancy compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Number needing to change treatment · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in number needing to change treatment compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Diabetes · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low probably leads to lower diabetes compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Lymphoma/PTLD · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in lymphoma/PTLD compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Acne/rash · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in acne/rash compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Hypercholesterolaemia · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low probably leads to lower hypercholesterolaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Anaemia · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low may leads to lower anaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Thrombocytopenia · primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients

Low may leads to lower thrombocytopenia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower lip bumper vs No active treatment (control)

Lower incisors to mandible (position, mm) at 9 months · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Lower lip bumper led to higher lower incisors to mandible at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Lower lip bumper vs No active treatment (control)

Size of the lower jaw (arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Lower lip bumper led to higher size of the lower jaw (mandibular arch length) at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Lower lip bumper vs No active treatment (control)

Lower molars to mandible (relationship of lower back teeth to the mandible) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Lower lip bumper led to lower lower molars to mandible at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Lower lingual arch vs No active treatment (control)

Size of the lower jaw (arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Lower lingual arch led to higher size of the lower jaw (mandibular arch length) at 1 year compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review