Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

96 questions · 104 findings · 15 reviews · ENT

No studies found 44 · 42.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 30 · 28.8%Low 19 · 18.3%Moderate 9 · 8.7%High 2 · 1.9%

Palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin vs no intervention

Recovery of sense of smell (as · adults with olfactory dysfunction for ≥ 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection

It is very uncertain whether palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin changes recovery of sense of smell (as compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo or no intervention

Presence of normal olfactory function · people with olfactory dysfunction for less than 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection

It is very uncertain whether intranasal steroid spray changes presence of normal olfactory function Assessed by participants as a… compared with no intervention/placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intranasal steroid drops vs placebo

Presence of normal olfactory function · participants with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 for ≤ 15 days

Intranasal steroid drops showed no clear difference in presence of normal olfactory function Assessed by participants > 4… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo or no intervention

Change in sense of smell · people with olfactory dysfunction for less than 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection
3 findings from 1 review