Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

88 questions · 89 findings · 14 reviews · Skin

No studies found 40 · 44.9%GRADE not reported 4 · 4.5%Very low 17 · 19.1%Low 20 · 22.5%Moderate 7 · 7.9%High 1 · 1.1%

Salicylic acid vs tretinoin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to excellent improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Salicylic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to… compared with tretinoin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glycolic acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) vs salicylic‐mandelic acid

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Fair to good improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Glycolic acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Fair to… compared with salicylic‐mandelic acid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glycolic acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) vs salicylic‐mandelic acid

Minor adverse events · participants with acne

It is very uncertain whether glycolic acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) changes total number of participants who experienced at least one minor… compared with salicylic‐mandelic acid (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azelaic acid vs benzoyl peroxide

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good or very good improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Azelaic acid probably leads to lower participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good or… compared with benzoyl peroxide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azelaic acid vs clindamycin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good or very good improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Azelaic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good or… compared with clindamycin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

UVA1 vs narrowband UVB

Proportion of participants without relapse in the long term ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Etretinate vs placebo or no treatment

Proportion of participants without relapse in the long term ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

It is very uncertain whether etretinate changes proportion of participants without relapse in the long term (6 months) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Etretinate vs PUVA

Proportion of participants without relapse in the long term ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Alitretinoin vs placebo

Proportion of participants achieving a 50% reduction in disease severity · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Alitretinoin showed no clear difference in proportion of participants achieving a 50% reduction in disease… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review