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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

127 questions · 134 findings · 19 reviews · Emergency and Critical Care

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No studies found 22 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.5%Very low 51 · 38.1%Low 41 · 30.6%Moderate 10 · 7.5%High 8 · 6%

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

Incidence of severe hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 80%) · people requiring tracheal intubation

Oxygenation showed no clear difference in incidence of severe hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 80%) compared with no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

Hypoxaemia · people requiring tracheal intubation

Oxygenation showed no clear difference in incidence of hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 93%) compared with no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

First‐pass success of cannulation · people requiring tracheal intubation

Oxygenation showed no clear difference in first pass success rate compared with no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygenation vs no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation

All‐cause mortality · people requiring tracheal intubation

Oxygenation showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no oxygenation during the apnoeic period preceding intubation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

Treatment failure (escalation of respiratory therapy to NIV, NIPPV or invasive ventilation) Measured up to 28 days · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC may leads to lower treatment failure (escalation of respiratory therapy to NIV, NIPPV… compared with standard oxygen therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

In‐hospital mortality (up to 90 days; included studies reported in‐hospital mortality, and mortality up to 28 days and up to ICU discharge) · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC showed no clear difference in in‐hospital mortality (up to 90 days; included studies reported… compared with standard oxygen therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

Adverse events Respiratory infection (pneumonia) Nasal mucosa or skin trauma · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC showed no clear difference in adverse events Respiratory infection (pneumonia) Nasal mucosa or… compared with standard oxygen therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review