What do systematic reviews say?

More vs less intensive behavioral smoking cessation support

It is very uncertain whether more changes smoking abstinence compared with less intensive behavioral smoking cessation support (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce tobacco use in people experiencing homelessness 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.64 [1.01, 2.69]
  3 studies · 657 participants
  Very low

Water mattress overlay vs low‐tech mattress

Water mattress overlay showed no clear difference in pressure ulcer healing compared with low‐tech mattress (low certainty).

• Support surfaces for treating pressure ulcers 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.63, 1.37]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Low

Low‐air‐loss bed vs low‐tech mattress overlay

Low‐air‐loss bed showed no clear difference in pressure ulcers completely healed compared with low‐tech mattress overlay (low certainty).

• Support surfaces for treating pressure ulcers 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.3 [0.87, 1.96]
  1 study · 84 participants
  Low

Case management vs usual care

• Case management approaches to home support for people with dementia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 125 participants
  Low

Case management vs usual care

Case management showed no clear difference in hospital admission (number of participants admitted) at 12 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Case management approaches to home support for people with dementia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.87 [0.59, 1.3]
  5 studies · 585 participants
  Moderate

Case management vs usual care

Case management showed no clear difference in mortality (number of deaths) at 12 months compared with usual care (high certainty).

• Case management approaches to home support for people with dementia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.83, 1.2]
  8 studies · 6112 participants
  High

Case management vs usual care

Case management showed no clear difference in quality of life (participants) at 12 months compared with usual care (high certainty).

• Case management approaches to home support for people with dementia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.05
  3 studies · 511 participants
  High

Case management vs usual care

Case management probably leads to higher quality of life (carers) at 12 months compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

• Case management approaches to home support for people with dementia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.21 [0.06, 0.37]
  5 studies · 681 participants
  Moderate

Case management vs usual care

Case management showed no clear difference in carer burden at 10 ‐ 12 months compared with usual care (low certainty).

• Case management approaches to home support for people with dementia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 3772 participants
  Low