Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

45 questions · 46 findings · 9 reviews

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No studies found 13 · 28.3%GRADE not reported 6 · 13%Very low 11 · 23.9%Low 5 · 10.9%Moderate 7 · 15.2%High 4 · 8.7%

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L) · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 3362 participants
Moderate

Periodontal treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP) plus advice vs Community care: advice only

Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) · Patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis

1 finding from 1 review

Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
Serum hs-CRP tested at one year; as loss to follow-up was almost 90%, data not considered useful for analysis (no usable estimate).
1 study · 37 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs placebo or control

High density lipoprotein · Adults (general population)

Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for High density lipoprotein: WMD -0.14 (95% CI -0.99 to 0.71), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational… 2014 All outcomes
WMD -0.14 [-0.99, 0.71]
8 studies
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Low sodium intake vs high sodium intake

LDL‐cholesterol · Participants with normal or elevated blood pressure, but otherwise healthy

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol,… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 696 participants
High

Low socioeconomic position and adverse behavioural factors vs Higher socioeconomic position and fewer adverse behaviours

Systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) and periodontal disease progression · General-population adults (German cohort)

In one 5-year longitudinal study, accumulation of low socioeconomic and behavioural factors was associated with greater periodontal disease progression and higher C-reactive protein; not pooled (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Social-Biological Interactions in Oral Disease: A 'Cells to Society' View. 2016 All outcomes
5-year follow-up · General adult population, Germany (Study of Health in Pomerania)
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3300 participants
GRADE not reported