Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

47 questions · 54 findings · 8 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 13 · 24.1%Low 30 · 55.6%Moderate 8 · 14.8%High 3 · 5.6%

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs treatment

Incarceration at 3 months · summary findings of female review

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and standard therapy changes incarceration at 3 months compared with treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.46 [0.04, 4.68]
1 study · 44 participants
Very low
Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.2, 1.27]
1 study · 44 participants
Very low

Collaborative case management vs treatment

Reincarceration at 9 months · female offenders

Collaborative case management showed no clear difference in reincarceration at 9 months compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.32, 1.57]
1 study · 77 participants
Low

Collaborative case management vs treatment

Arrests · female offenders

Collaborative case management showed no clear difference in number of arrests compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.83, 1.49]
1 study · 113 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation) (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation) (Any psychosocial intervention… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.34, 1.51]
3 studies · 264 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Low birth weight (< 2500 g) (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in low birth weight (< 2500 g) (Any psychosocial intervention vs.… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.36, 1.43]
1 study · 160 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Days hospitalized after delivery (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in days hospitalized after delivery (Any psychosocial intervention vs.… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 103 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Positive urine at delivery (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in positive urine at delivery (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.52, 2.65]
2 studies · 217 participants
High