Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

60 questions · 63 findings · 5 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 14 · 22.2%GRADE not reported 9 · 14.3%Very low 14 · 22.2%Low 16 · 25.4%Moderate 10 · 15.9%High 0 · 0%

Larger traumatic needles vs smaller traumatic needles

Adverse events: backache · patients undergoing lumbar punctures with traumatic needles (Quincke, Greene, Hingson Ferguson, Lutz, Brace, Rovenstine, Lemmon)

Larger traumatic needles probably leads to lower adverse event: backache compared with smaller traumatic needles (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Larger traumatic needles vs smaller traumatic needles

Severe PDPH · patients undergoing lumbar punctures with traumatic needles (Quincke, Greene, Hingson Ferguson, Lutz, Brace, Rovenstine, Lemmon)

Larger traumatic needles showed no clear difference in severe PDPH compared with smaller traumatic needles (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Pain on walking (VAS) Scale from 0 to 10 · patients with varus medial osteoarthritis of the knee
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Quality of life (EQ‐5D) Scale from 0 to 100 · patients with varus medial osteoarthritis of the knee
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total number of adverse events (withdrawals due to lack of effect)c · patients with varus medial osteoarthritis of the knee

The intervention showed no clear difference in total number of adverse events (withdrawals due to lack of effect)c (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Pain on walking (NRS) Scale from 0 to 10 · patients with varus medial osteoarthritis of the knee
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Physical function (WOMAC) ‐ 12 months Scale from 0 to 100 · patients with varus medial osteoarthritis of the knee
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) Scale from 0 to 1.0 · patients with varus medial osteoarthritis of the knee
1 finding from 1 review

Bracing vs observation

Risk of success curves remaining below 50° · adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis

It is very uncertain whether bracing changes risk of success curves remaining below 50° compared with observation (cohort studies) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bracing vs observation

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis

It is very uncertain whether bracing changes any adverse event number of participants with at least 1 adverse event compared with observation (cohort studies) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bracing vs observation

Pulmonary disorders, disability, back pain, psychological issues, and cosmetic issues subjective or objective · adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis
1 finding from 1 review