Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

207 questions · 244 findings · 20 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 53 · 21.7%GRADE not reported 6 · 2.5%Very low 50 · 20.5%Low 39 · 16%Moderate 69 · 28.3%High 27 · 11.1%

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Migraine frequency Number of attacks · adults with migraine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Headache intensity (mean score) · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Global impression of disease · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 101 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Number experiencing adverse effects · adults with migraine

It is very uncertain whether botulinum toxin type A changes total number of participants experiencing an adverse event compared with other established prophylactic agent (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.59, 0.98]
2 studies · 114 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Number of migraine days per month · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1915 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Number of headache days per month: chronic migraine only · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1384 participants
High

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Migraine frequency Number of attacks · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2004 participants
Low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Headache intensity (mean score) · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 209 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Global impression scale · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 45 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Number experiencing adverse effects · adults with migraine

Botulinum toxin type A probably leads to higher total number of participants experiencing an adverse event compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [1.12, 1.47]
13 studies · 3325 participants
Moderate

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Number of migraine days per month: chronic migraine only · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin type A vs other established prophylactic agent

Headache (frequency) · adults with migraine

1 finding from 1 review

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Botulinum toxin vs observation

Improvement in ocular motility (ocular alignment ≤ 10 prism dioptres). · people with sixth nerve palsy

Botulinum toxin showed no clear difference in improvement in ocular motility (ocular alignment ≤ 10 prism dioptres). compared with observation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for eye movement disorders due to acquired brain injury 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.96, 1.48]
1 study · 47 participants
Low

Botulinum toxin vs observation

Secondary outcome: achievement of binocular single vision · people with sixth nerve palsy

Botulinum toxin showed no clear difference in achievement of binocular single vision (fusion and stereopsis… compared with observation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for eye movement disorders due to acquired brain injury 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.96, 1.48]
1 study · 47 participants
Low

Botulinum toxin vs observation

Improvement in functional ability · people with sixth nerve palsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for eye movement disorders due to acquired brain injury 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Botulinum toxin vs observation

Quality of life · people with sixth nerve palsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for eye movement disorders due to acquired brain injury 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Botulinum toxin vs observation

Adverse events. · people with sixth nerve palsy

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for eye movement disorders due to acquired brain injury 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 47 participants
Low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Prostatitis symptoms Subgroup: Intraprostatic injection, participants age > 50 years old, basal NIH‐CPSI score > 30 · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Prostatitis symptoms Subgroup: Pelvic floor muscles injection, participants age < 50 years old, basal NIH‐CPSI score < 30 · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Botulinum toxin type A vs placebo

Adverse events · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Botulinum toxin A showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5 [0.25, 99.95]
2 studies · 89 participants
Low