Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

197 questions · 212 findings · 20 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections

No studies found 37 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 19 · 9%Very low 25 · 11.8%Low 35 · 16.5%Moderate 67 · 31.6%High 29 · 13.7%

Intervention not reported

Cohort studies (risk ratio) ‐ all ages · children 9 months to 15 years old

The intervention showed no clear difference in cohort studies (risk ratio) ‐ all ages (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Client‐based education (nurses or pharmacists educated and nurses vaccinated participants) compared to no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Increasing community demand leads to higher client‐based education (nurses or pharmacists educated and nurses… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Client‐based education (nurses educated and vaccinated participants) compared to nurses educated participants · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Increasing community demand leads to higher client‐based education (nurses educated and vaccinated participants)… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Face‐to‐face 3‐minute conversation compared to no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Increasing community demand probably leads to higher face‐to‐face 3‐minute conversation compared to no intervention compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enhancing vaccination access vs no intervention or another intervention

Group visits of participants to physician and nurse compared to usual care · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Enhancing vaccination access probably leads to higher group visits of participants to physician and nurse compared to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enhancing vaccination access vs no intervention or another intervention

Home visit compared to invitation to attend influenza vaccination clinic · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Enhancing vaccination access leads to higher home visit compared to invitation to attend influenza vaccination… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enhancing vaccination access vs no intervention or another intervention

Free influenza vaccine compared to invitation to be vaccinated but patient pays · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Enhancing vaccination access leads to higher free influenza vaccine compared to invitation to be vaccinated but… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Reminder to physician about all participants compared to reminder about half of participants · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to higher reminder to physician about all participants compared to reminder… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Reminder (to hospital staff to vaccinate patient) compared to reminder letter to GP on day of discharge · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in reminder (to hospital staff to vaccinate patient) compared to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Educational reminders, academic detailing, and peer comparisons to physicians compared to mailed educational materials · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in educational reminders, academic detailing, and peer comparisons to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Chart review and feedback to physician plus benchmarking to vaccination rates achieved by top 10% of physicians compared to chart review and feedback · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions probably leads to higher chart review and feedback to physician plus benchmarking to… compared with no intervention or another intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Educational outreach plus feedback to practice teams versus written feedback to practice teams · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to lower educational outreach plus feedback to practice teams versus written… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Payment to physicians versus no payment · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions leads to higher payment to physicians versus no payment compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions vs no intervention or another intervention

Intervention to increase staff influenza vaccination rate versus no intervention · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Provider‐ or system‐based interventions showed no clear difference in intervention to increase staff influenza vaccination rate versus no… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Increasing community demand vs no intervention or another intervention

Client reminder and recall (letter + leaflet or postcard) compared to letter · people aged 60 years and older living in the community

Increasing community demand leads to higher client reminder and recall (letter + leaflet or postcard) compared… compared with no intervention or another intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review