Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,558 questions in 115 reviews · Vascular
current versionsNo studies 346 · 22.2%Ungraded 90 · 5.8%Very low 281 · 18%Low 477 · 30.6%Moderate 313 · 20.1%High 51 · 3.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Patient preference scores · primary Raynaud's phenomenon Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud's phenomenon (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 185 participants | Low |
Heparin vs placebo Symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.59 [0.35, 1.01] | 5 studies · 2329 participants | High |
Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo Bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.89 [0.12, 71.31] | 1 study · 360 participants | Low |
Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo Minor bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
DOAC vs placebo Symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.2 [0.06, 0.68] | 1 study · 2419 participants | Moderate |
DOAC vs placebo Symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.18 [0.04, 0.81] | 2 studies · 2459 participants | High |
DOAC vs placebo Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.25 [0.03, 2.25] | 1 study · 1733 participants | Low |
DOAC vs placebo Bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.06, 16.02] | 1 study · 2457 participants | Low |
DOAC vs placebo Bleeding‐ clinically relevant non‐major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.22 [0.76, 1.95] | 1 study · 2457 participants | Moderate |
DOAC vs placebo Bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.18 [0.74, 1.88] | 1 study · 2457 participants | Moderate |
Anticoagulants (chosen at investigators' discretion) vs placebo Symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.09, 2.74] | 1 study · 557 participants | Low |
Heparin vs placebo Symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.73 [0.39, 1.38] | 4 studies · 2019 participants | Moderate |
Anticoagulants (chosen at investigators' discretion) vs placebo Symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.03, 3.21] | 1 study · 557 participants | Low |
Anticoagulants (chosen at investigators' discretion) vs placebo Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.06, 16.13] | 1 study · 557 participants | Low |
Anticoagulants (chosen at investigators' discretion) vs placebo Bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 5.05 [0.24, 105.76] | 1 study · 557 participants | Low |
Anticoagulants (chosen at investigators' discretion) vs placebo Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anticoagulants (chosen at investigators' discretion) vs placebo Minor bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin Symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.64 [0.85, 3.16] | 1 study · 1279 participants | Low |
Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin Symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.36 [0.69, 2.68] | 1 study · 1279 participants | Low |
Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 9.16 [0.49, 170.42] | 1 study · 1279 participants | Low |
Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin Bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 3.87 [1.91, 7.85] | 1 study · 1272 participants | Low |
Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin Bleeding ‐ clinically indicated non‐major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Heparin vs placebo Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.61 [0.16, 2.33] | 3 studies · 1595 participants | Low |
Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin Bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.64, 2.76] | 1 study · 1279 participants | Low |
DOAC vs heparin Symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.28, 1.7] | 5 studies · 15977 participants | Low |
DOAC vs heparin Symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.11, 3.27] | 5 studies · 15977 participants | Low |
DOAC vs heparin Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.43, 1.94] | 5 studies · 14731 participants | Moderate |
DOAC vs heparin Bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.11 [0.79, 1.54] | 5 studies · 16199 participants | High |
DOAC vs heparin Bleeding ‐ clinically relevant, non‐major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.9, 1.28] | 4 studies · 15241 participants | High |
DOAC vs heparin Bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.95 [0.82, 1.1] | 4 studies · 11766 participants | High |
Heparin vs placebo Bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.59 [0.14, 2.46] | 5 studies · 2500 participants | Moderate |
Heparin vs placebo Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Heparin vs placebo Bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 2.01 [1.43, 2.81] | 5 studies · 2500 participants | High |
Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo Symptomatic VTE (DVT and PE) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.1 [0.01, 1.94] | 1 study · 360 participants | Moderate |
Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo Symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.13 [0.01, 2.62] | 1 study · 360 participants | Moderate |
Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee… (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.01, 7.84] | 1 study · 360 participants | Moderate |
Fondaparinux vs placebo Total VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.15, 0.38] | 8 studies · 5717 participants | Moderate |
Fondaparinux vs LMWH Total DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.4, 0.71] | 10 studies · 9356 participants | Moderate |
Fondaparinux vs LMWH Proximal DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.33, 1.02] | 9 studies · 8361 participants | Low |
Fondaparinux vs LMWH Total PE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.65, 2.34] | 10 studies · 12350 participants | Moderate |
Fondaparinux vs LMWH Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [1.09, 1.75] | 11 studies · 12501 participants | High |
Fondaparinux vs LMWH All causes of death · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.63, 1.22] | 11 studies · 12400 participants | Moderate |
Fondaparinux vs variable dose warfarin Total VTE · patients requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 236 participants | Very low |
Fondaparinux vs variable dose warfarin Symptomatic VTE · patients requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 236 participants | Very low |
Fondaparinux vs variable dose warfarin Total DVT · patients requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 236 participants | Very low |
Fondaparinux vs variable dose warfarin Proximal DVT · patients requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 236 participants | Very low |
Fondaparinux vs variable dose warfarin Total PE · patients requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 236 participants | Very low |
Fondaparinux vs placebo Symptomatic VTE · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.15 [0.06, 0.36] | 8 studies · 6503 participants | High |
Fondaparinux vs variable dose warfarin Major bleeding · patients requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (2016) · Cochrane | RR 7 [0.37, 134.05] | 1 study · 236 participants | Very low |