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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution Mortality [within first 10 weeks after liver transplantation] · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.46 [0.01, 10.51] | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Standard parenteral nutrition vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution Length of stay after liver transplantation [days] · adult patients after liver transplantation Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
Standard parenteral nutrition vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution Days on ventilator · adult patients after liver transplantation Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
Standard parenteral nutrition vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution Length of hospital stay after liver transplantation [days] · adult patients after liver transplantation Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
Hepatic product (HepaticAid) vs diet only (without supplement) Length of stay in hospital after liver transplantation · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Standard parenteral nutrition vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution Mortality [within first 10 weeks after liver transplantation] · adult patients after liver transplantation Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
Parenteral nutrition with omega‐3 fish oil vs standard parenteral nutrition Length of hospital stay after liver transplantation (days) · adult patients after liver transplantation Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Parenteral nutrition with omega‐3 fish oil vs standard parenteral nutrition Length of stay in intensive care unit after liver transplantation (days) · adult patients after liver transplantation Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Parenteral nutrition with omega‐3 fish oil vs standard parenteral nutrition Acute rejection episodes · adult patients after liver transplantation Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.17, 5.77] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Parenteral nutrition with omega‐3 fish oil vs standard parenteral nutrition Mortality · adult patients after liver transplantation Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Hepatic product (HepaticAid) vs diet only (without supplement) Hepatic encephalopathy related hospitalisation · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
Hepatic product (HepaticAid) vs diet only (without supplement) Changes in grade of hepatic encephalopathy [grade 0‐4] · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
Standard casein product (Ensure) vs diet only (without supplement) Re‐hospitalisation post liver transplantation [event per patient] · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Standard casein product (Ensure) vs diet only (without supplement) Infections [event per patient] · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks vs standard peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment Sustained virological response (SVR) · participants with detectable HCV RNA after 12 weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, but with >=… Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks versus standard peginterferon plus ribavirin… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.43 | 5 studies · 411 participants | Very low |
Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks vs standard peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment Relapse · participants with detectable HCV RNA after 12 weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, but with >=… Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks versus standard peginterferon plus ribavirin… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 | 3 studies · 175 participants | Very low |
Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks vs standard peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment End of treatment response (ETR) · participants with detectable HCV RNA after 12 weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, but with >=… Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks versus standard peginterferon plus ribavirin… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 | 3 studies · 334 participants | Very low |
Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks vs standard peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment Sustained virological response (SVR) · participants with detectable HCV RNA after four weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks versus standard peginterferon plus ribavirin… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 | 3 studies · 995 participants | Low |
Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks vs standard peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment Relapse rate · participants with detectable HCV RNA after four weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks versus standard peginterferon plus ribavirin… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 | 3 studies · 703 participants | Low |
Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks vs standard peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment End of treatment response (ETR) · participants with detectable HCV RNA after four weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks versus standard peginterferon plus ribavirin… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 | 3 studies · 995 participants | Low |
Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks vs standard peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment Adherance to treatment · participants with detectable HCV RNA after four weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin or… Extended peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment for 72 weeks versus standard peginterferon plus ribavirin… (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 | 2 studies · 260 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (low risk of bias trials) Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.09 [0.03, 0.3] | 3 studies · 41430 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (Dose of live attenuated HAV vaccine, titre < TCID50 ) all included trials Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.05, 0.26] | 3 studies · 628420 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (low endemicity) low risk of bias Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.08, 0.42] | 1 study · 1037 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (low endemicity) all included trials Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.08, 0.42] | 1 study · 1037 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (high endemicity) low risk of bias Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0.01, 0.17] | 2 studies · 40393 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (high endemicity) all included trials Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.08 [0.04, 0.15] | 8 studies · 731343 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (single dose regimen) low risk of bias Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.03 [0, 0.47] | 1 study · 274 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (single dose regimen) all included studies Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.07 [0.03, 0.15] | 6 studies · 690707 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (multiple doses) low risk of bias Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0.03, 0.4] | 2 studies · 41156 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (multiple doses) all included trials Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.05, 0.37] | 3 studies · 41416 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A ( · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.08, 0.42] | 1 study · 1037 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (all included trials) Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.09 [0.05, 0.17] | 9 studies · 732380 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A ( · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.1, 0.37] | 3 studies · 2377 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A ( · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0.01, 0.17] | 2 studies · 40393 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinicially apparent hepatitis A ( · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.06 [0.02, 0.17] | 4 studies · 164776 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A ( · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinicially apparent hepatitis A ( · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0.02, 0.13] | 1 study · 564642 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A ( · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A ( · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.06 [0.01, 0.41] | 1 study · 585 participants | Low |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality low risk of bias Mortality · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.62, 3.16] | 1 study · 585 participants | High |
Intervention NR All‐cause mortality all included trials Mortality · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.62, 3.16] | 1 study · 585 participants | High |
Intervention NR Hepatitis A‐related mortality · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinically apparent hepatitis A (inactivated HAV vaccines) low risk of bias trials Dienstag 1999 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.09 [0.03, 0.3] | 3 studies · 41430 participants | High |
Intervention NR Lack of sero‐protection, (anti HAV IgG < 10mIU/L) (low risk of bias) Maiwald 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Lack of sero‐protection, (anti HAV IgG < 10mIU/L) (all included trials) Maiwald 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Lack of sero‐protection, (anti HAV IgG < 20mIU/L) (low risk of bias ) Maiwald 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.01 [0, 0.03] | 1 study · 486 participants | High |
Intervention NR Lack of sero‐protection, (anti HAV IgG < 20mIU/L) (all included trials) Maiwald 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.01 [0, 0.03] | 2 studies · 739 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Non‐serious local adverse events (low risk of bias) inactivated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.67, 2.11] | 2 studies · 1299 participants | High |
Intervention NR Non‐serious local adverse events (all included trials) ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A. Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.86, 1.7] | 4 studies · 1559 participants | Low |