Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

754 questions · 769 findings · 35 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 228 · 29.6%GRADE not reported 3 · 0.4%Very low 215 · 28%Low 245 · 31.9%Moderate 74 · 9.6%High 4 · 0.5%

Oral cyclophosphamide vs prednisone or placebo

Adverse events: hypertension with seizures · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether oral cyclophosphamide changes adverse events: hypertension with seizures compared with prednisone or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Complete remission (no further aphthous episodes to 6 months) · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 6 months: complete remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Treatment response at 6 months: partial remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 6 months: partial remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Complete or partial remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 6 months: complete or partial remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Treatment response at 18 months ‐ Sustained remission/steroid sensitive relapses Clinical assessment · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 18 months: sustained… compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Treatment response at 18 months ‐ CKD clinical assessment · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 18 months: CKD compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Adverse effects ‐ Bacterial infection clinical assessment · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in adverse events: bacterial infections compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Number with complete remission: complete remission in delayed steroid resistance · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes number with complete remission: complete remission in delayed… compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone vs cyclosporin/prednisolone

Complete remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

It is very uncertain whether rituximab/cyclosporin/prednisolone changes number with complete remission: complete remission in all patients compared with cyclosporin/prednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review