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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Change from baseline in morning PEFR (L/min) Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1489 participants | High |
Intervention NR Change from baseline FEV1 (L) Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 760 participants | High |
Intervention NR Change from baseline in mean asthma symptom score (daytime) Greater the reduction, better the outcome Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1386 participants | High |
Intervention NR Overall adverse effects Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.92, 1.22] | 3 studies · 1024 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Death Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.01, 8.49] | 2 studies · 761 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Patients with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids Duration of trials: 8 to 13 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent… (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.58, 1.39] | 4 studies · 1779 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Change from baseline in morning PEFR (L/min) Duration of trials: 8 to 13 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 952 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Change from baseline FEV1 (L) Duration of trials: 8 to 13 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma Addition of anti‐leukotriene agents to inhaled corticosteroids for adults and adolescents with persistent… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 958 participants | Low |
Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support Hospital admission · adults with a clinical diagnosis of COPD Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 239 participants | Low |
Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support Acute exacerbations requiring general practitioner (GP) visit and/or additional treatment · adults with a clinical diagnosis of COPD Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 239 participants | Low |
Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · adults with a clinical diagnosis of COPD Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 472 participants | Low |
Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support Daily step count · adults with a clinical diagnosis of COPD Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 230 participants | Low |
Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support Self‐efficacy · adults with a clinical diagnosis of COPD Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support Behaviour change: smoking cessation · adults with a clinical diagnosis of COPD Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 284 participants | Moderate |
Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support Functional capacity (6‐minute walking test or similar) · adults with a clinical diagnosis of COPD Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Smart technology vs face‐to‐face/digital and/or written support Anxiety and depression · adults with a clinical diagnosis of COPD Computer and mobile technology interventions for self‐management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations vs usual care Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1582 participants | High |
Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations vs usual care Respiratory‐related hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.69 [0.51, 0.94] | 14 studies · 3157 participants | Moderate |
Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations vs usual care All‐cause hospital admissions · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.74 [0.54, 1.03] | 10 studies · 2467 participants | Moderate |
Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations vs usual care All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.06 [0.71, 1.59] | 16 studies · 3296 participants | Moderate |
Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations vs usual care Respiratory‐related mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.94 [1.2, 3.13] | 7 studies · 1219 participants | Very low |
Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations vs usual care Dyspnoea · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 217 participants | Low |
Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations vs usual care COPD exacerbations · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 740 participants | Moderate |
Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations vs usual care Courses of oral steroids · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations versus usual care in patients with… (2017) · Cochrane | OR 4.38 [0.55, 34.91] | 4 studies · 963 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cough‐related quality of life (QOL) · people with bronchiectasis Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 31 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) disease‐specific HRQOL · people with bronchiectasis Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Incidence of acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis ‐ not reported · people with bronchiectasis Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Duration of acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis ‐ not reported · people with bronchiectasis Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Incidence of hospitalisation ‐ not reported · people with bronchiectasis Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Exacerbation requiring OCS · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.86 [0.16, 21.09] | 2 studies · 261 participants | Very low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change All‐cause SAEs · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.11, 3.33] | 2 studies · 569 participants | Low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Steroid‐related AEs ‐ not reported · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ICS dose reduction vs no change St. George's Respiratory Scale score (change from baseline) · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 229 participants | Low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Exacerbation requiring hospitalisation · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | OR 4.06 [0.45, 36.86] | 2 studies · 569 participants | Low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Lung function, reduction in FEV1 (% predicted, change from baseline) · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Asthma control assessed by: Asthma Symptom Scale from: 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (severe symptoms) · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change All‐cause SAEs · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.24 [0.25, 6.25] | 2 studies · 742 participants | Low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Steroid‐related AEs · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.76 [0.16, 3.54] | 2 studies · 261 participants | Very low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Health‐related quality of life (change from baseline) assessed by: AQLQ · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 554 participants | Very low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Lung function, FEV1 (L) assessed by: spirometry · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 261 participants | Low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Exacerbations requiring hospitalisation ‐ not reported · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Exacerbation requiring OCS · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.31 [0.82, 2.08] | 2 studies · 569 participants | Low |
ICS dose reduction vs no change Asthma control (short asthma morbidity score) · adults with asthma Stepping down the dose of inhaled corticosteroids for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 242 participants | Low |
PAAP vs no PAAP Exacerbation requiring ED or hospitalisation. · adults with asthma Personalised asthma action plans for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.75 [0.45, 1.24] | 5 studies · 1385 participants | Low |
PAAP plus education vs education alone Serious adverse events (including death). · adults with asthma Personalised asthma action plans for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PAAP plus education vs education alone Quality of life, change from baseline in AQLQ score. · adults with asthma Personalised asthma action plans for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 174 participants | Low |
PAAP plus education vs education alone Exacerbation requiring OCS. · adults with asthma Personalised asthma action plans for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.28 [0.07, 1.12] | 1 study · 70 participants | Very low |
PAAP plus education vs education alone Lung function. · adults with asthma Personalised asthma action plans for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PAAP plus education vs education alone Days lost from work or study. · adults with asthma Personalised asthma action plans for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PAAP vs no PAAP Asthma control, change from baseline in ACQ. · adults with asthma Personalised asthma action plans for adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 141 participants | Low |