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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

current versions

No studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Droperidol vs placebo Tranquillisation or asleep: tranquillised/sleep ‐ by around 30 minutes · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.18 [1.05, 1.31]	1 study · 227 participants	High
Droperidol vs haloperidol Adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ hypotension · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 2.8 [0.3, 26.49]	1 study · 228 participants	Moderate
Droperidol vs haloperidol Adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ hypotension/desaturation · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 2.8 [0.12, 67.98]	1 study · 228 participants	Low
Droperidol vs haloperidol Service use: person able to be discharged home · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Droperidol vs haloperidol Mental state: mean score by 13 days (Scale for Quantification of Psychotic Symptom Severity, high = poor) · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	MD 0.11	1 study · 40 participants	Low
Droperidol vs haloperidol Economic: direct costs · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Droperidol vs midazolam Tranquillisation or asleep: tranquillised/asleep ‐ by 30 minutes (at 10 minutes) · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.96 [0.72, 1.28]	1 study · 153 participants	High
Droperidol vs midazolam Global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after initial adequate sedation until ED discharge (various psychotropic drugs) · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.54 [0.24, 1.2]	1 study · 153 participants	Moderate
Droperidol vs midazolam Adverse effects ‐ respiratory ‐ airway obstruction · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.55]	1 study · 153 participants	Low
Droperidol vs midazolam Adverse effects ‐ respiratory ‐ hypoxia · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.7 [0.16, 3.03]	1 study · 153 participants	Moderate
Droperidol vs midazolam Service use: person able to be discharged home · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Droperidol vs placebo Global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after initial adequate sedation until ED discharge (various psychotropic drugs) · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.55 [0.36, 0.85]	1 study · 227 participants	High
Droperidol vs midazolam Mental state ‐ improvement · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Droperidol vs midazolam Economic: direct costs · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Droperidol vs olanzapine Tranquillisation or asleep: tranquillised/asleep ‐ by around 30 minutes · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.02 [0.94, 1.11]	1 study · 221 participants	High
Droperidol vs olanzapine Global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after initial adequate sedation until ED discharge (various psychotropic drugs) · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.56 [0.36, 0.87]	1 study · 221 participants	High
Droperidol vs olanzapine Adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ arrhythmia · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.88]	1 study · 221 participants	Moderate
Droperidol vs olanzapine Adverse effects ‐ respiratory ‐ airway obstruction · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.97 [0.2, 4.72]	1 study · 221 participants	Low
Droperidol vs olanzapine Service use: person able to be discharged home · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.06 [0.83, 1.34]	1 study · 221 participants	High
Droperidol vs olanzapine Mental state ‐ improvement · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Droperidol vs olanzapine Economic: direct costs · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Droperidol vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ arrhythmia · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.31]	1 study · 227 participants	Moderate
Droperidol vs placebo Adverse effects ‐ respiratory ‐ airway obstruction · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.62 [0.15, 2.52]	1 study · 227 participants	Low
Droperidol vs placebo Service use: person able to be discharged home · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.16 [0.9, 1.48]	1 study · 227 participants	High
Droperidol vs placebo Mental state ‐ improvement · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Droperidol vs placebo Economic: direct costs · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
Droperidol vs haloperidol Tranquillisation or asleep: tranquillised/sleep ‐ by around 30 minutes · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.09]	1 study · 228 participants	High
Droperidol vs haloperidol Global state: use of additional medication ‐ by 60 minutes after initial adequate sedation until ED discharge (various psychotropic drugs) · acute psychosis Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.37 [0.16, 0.9]	2 studies · 255 participants	High
VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone Clinically significant response: important change As defined by each of the studies · people with schizophrenia Valproate for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.31 [1.16, 1.47]	14 studies · 1049 participants	Low
VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone Leaving the study early: Acceptability of treatment Leaving the study early for any reason · people with schizophrenia Valproate for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.76 [0.47, 1.24]	11 studies · 951 participants	Very low
VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone Leaving the study early: Overall tolerability Leaving the study early due adverse events · people with schizophrenia Valproate for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.33 [0.9, 1.97]	6 studies · 974 participants	Low
VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone Clinical response: Aggression/agitation Mean Modified Overt Aggression Rating Scale. Scale from: 0‐16 · people with schizophrenia Valproate for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 186 participants	Very low
VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone Adverse events: Sedation Number of participants with sedation/somnolence/drowsiness · people with schizophrenia Valproate for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.38 [1.07, 1.79]	8 studies · 770 participants	Low
VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone Adverse events: Weight gain Number of participants with weight gain · people with schizophrenia Valproate for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.17 [0.76, 1.82]	4 studies · 427 participants	Low
VALPROATE + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIPSYCHOTICS + PLACEBO or ANTIPSYCHOTICS alone Quality of life: Clinically important change in quality of life ‐ as defined by individual studies · people with schizophrenia Valproate for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 participants	Ungraded
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs PLACEBO Global state: Relapse ‐ long term ‐ not measured · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse events: Specific ‐ prolactin‐related ‐ long term It is unclear how adverse events were reported · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 10.27 [0.59, 180.05]	1 study · 85 participants	Very low
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse events: Specific ‐ weight increase ‐ long term It is unclear how adverse events were reported · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.33 [0.56, 3.17]	1 study · 85 participants	Very low
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS Adverse events: Nervous system disorders (inc. EPS) ‐ long term It is unclear how adverse events were reported · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.34 [1.13, 1.58]	1 study · 369 participants	Very low
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL RISPERIDONE Global state: Relapse ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL RISPERIDONE Mental state: average PANSS total score at endpoint (non‐ITT data) PANSS total scores (30 to 210) Higher scores are worse. · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 591 participants	Moderate
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL RISPERIDONE Leaving the study early: Any reason ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.28 [0.92, 1.79]	2 studies · 690 participants	Moderate
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL RISPERIDONE Adverse events: General: Severe adverse event ‐ any dose risperidone depot ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL RISPERIDONE Adverse events: Movement disorder ‐ any extra pyramidal symptoms ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 1.05 [0.59, 1.88]	1 study · 640 participants	Moderate
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL RISPERIDONE Adverse events: Specific: Mean (SD) weight increase in kg ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 640 participants	Moderate
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL RISPERIDONE Adverse events: Specific ‐ prolactin‐related · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.5 [0.15, 1.65]	1 study · 640 participants	Moderate
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs PLACEBO Mental state: clinically significant improvement in mental state ‐ long term1 ‐ not reported · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL QUETIAPINE Global state: Relapse ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL QUETIAPINE Mental state: clinically significant improvement in mental state ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	0 studies · 0 participants	Ungraded
RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs ORAL QUETIAPINE Leaving the study early: Any reason ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane	RR 0.84 [0.74, 0.95]	1 study · 666 participants	Moderate