Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,554 questions in 140 reviews · Heart
current versionsNo studies 272 · 17.5%Ungraded 44 · 2.8%Very low 329 · 21.2%Low 464 · 29.9%Moderate 319 · 20.5%High 126 · 8.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Myocardial infarction ECG/cardiac enzymes · patients undergoing cardiac surgery Preoperative statin therapy for patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.48 [0.21, 1.13] | 7 studies · 901 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Atrial fibrillation ECG · patients undergoing cardiac surgery Preoperative statin therapy for patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.54 [0.43, 0.67] | 12 studies · 1765 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Stroke · patients undergoing cardiac surgery Preoperative statin therapy for patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.14, 3.63] | 2 studies · 264 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Renal failure Serum creatinine/urea · patients undergoing cardiac surgery Preoperative statin therapy for patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.57 [0.3, 1.1] | 5 studies · 467 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Length of stay on ICU · patients undergoing cardiac surgery Preoperative statin therapy for patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 721 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Length of stay in hospital · patients undergoing cardiac surgery Preoperative statin therapy for patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1137 participants | Moderate |
Lidocaine vs placebo or no intervention All‐cause mortality · patients with acute myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.85, 1.27] | 18 studies · 11727 participants | Low |
Lidocaine vs disopyramide Overall survival at 30 days after myocardial infarction · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs disopyramide Ventricular fibrillation · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.04, 2.97] | 1 study · 76 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs disopyramide Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): asystole · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.93] | 1 study · 76 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs disopyramide Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): sinoatrial block · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.06, 14.47] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs disopyramide Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): cardiac blocks (high‐degree atrioventricular block and bundle) · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.15, 2.18] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs tocainide All‐cause mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.08, 17.83] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs tocainide Cardiac mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.08, 17.83] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs tocainide Overall survival at 30 days after myocardial infarction · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs tocainide Ventricular fibrillation · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs tocainide Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): any adverse event · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.69 [1.07, 2.68] | 2 studies · 69 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs placebo or no intervention Cardiac mortality · patients with acute myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.7, 1.5] | 12 studies · 8277 participants | Low |
Lidocaine vs mexiletine All‐cause mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.45] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs mexiletine Cardiac mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.45] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs mexiletine Overall survival at 30 days after myocardial infarction · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs mexiletine Ventricular fibrillation · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 67.06] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs mexiletine Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): atrioventricular block · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.45] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs mexiletine Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): composite neurological adverse event (confusion, vertigo, nystagmus, vomiting and diplopia) · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.16, 2.47] | 2 studies · 74 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs propafenone All‐cause mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs propafenone Cardiac mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs propafenone Overall survival at 30 days after myocardial infarction · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs propafenone Ventricular fibrillation · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.14, 65.9] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs placebo or no intervention Overall survival at 30 days after myocardial infarction · patients with acute myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs propafenone Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): heart failure · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 6.38 [0.32, 127.77] | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs propafenone Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): bilateral bundle branch block · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.02, 10.06] | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs propafenone Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): neuropsychiatric disturbances · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 6.95 [0.86, 55.94] | 2 studies · 84 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs amiodarone All‐cause mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs amiodarone Cardiac mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs amiodarone Overall survival at 30 days after myocardial infarction · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs amiodarone Ventricular fibrillation · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3.44 [0.18, 46.11] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs amiodarone Bradycardia · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.01, 5.12] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs amiodarone Hypotension · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.01, 2.6] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs amiodarone Diplopia plus sleepiness · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2.06 [0.09, 46.11] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs placebo or no intervention Ventricular fibrillationElectrocardiogram · patients with acute myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.55, 1.12] | 16 studies · 10115 participants | Low |
Lidocaine vs dimethylammonium All‐cause mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs dimethylammonium Cardiac mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs dimethylammonium Overall survival at 30 days after myocardial infarction · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs dimethylammonium Ventricular fibrillation · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs dimethylammonium Hypotension · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.28, 2.59] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs dimethylammonium Tachycardia · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.06 [0, 1] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs dimethylammonium Bradycardia · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.02, 8.08] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Lidocaine vs aprindine All‐cause mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs aprindine Cardiac mortality · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs aprindine Overall survival at 30 days after myocardial infarction · patients with myocardial infarction Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |