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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics Number of people with one or more isolates of P aeruginosa · children with cystic fibrosis Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.74 [0.45, 1.23] | 3 studies · 312 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics Number of people needing additional antibiotics · children with cystic fibrosis Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.18 [0.01, 3.6] | 1 study · 119 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics Weight (z score) · children with cystic fibrosis Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 140 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics Acquisition of multiply‐resistant S aureus · children with cystic fibrosis Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics Adverse events of treatment · children with cystic fibrosis Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 119 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation vs placebo Number of pulmonary exacerbations (median number of exacerbations during the study) · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation vs placebo Adverse events: diarrhoea · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.6 [0.05, 6.79] | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation vs placebo FEV1 % predicted · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | MD 2 [19.11, 23.11] | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation vs placebo FVC % predicted · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation vs placebo Growth and nutrition: BMI SD score · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0 | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation vs placebo Biochemical markers of essential fatty acid status: EPA and DHA % content of neutrophil membrane · children and adults with cystic fibrosis Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation for cystic fibrosis (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Clinical stroke · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.12 [0.03, 0.49] | 2 studies · 326 participants | Moderate |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Adverse events associated with transfusion · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Ungraded |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion TIA · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Ungraded |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related complications · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Ungraded |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Measures of neurological impairment ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Quality of life ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Clinical stroke · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 121 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy All‐cause mortality · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 121 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Adverse events associated with transfusion · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 121 participants | Low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Incidence of TIA · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.21, 4.84] | 1 study · 121 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related complications · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.03 [0.39, 10.69] | 1 study · 121 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion All‐cause mortality · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 326 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Measures of neurological impairment ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Quality of life ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Clinical stroke · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 14.78 [0.86, 253.66] | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy All‐cause mortality · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.98 [0.06, 15.92] | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Transfusion‐related adverse events ‐ · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Incidence of TIA · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.25, 1.74] | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related complications · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.08] | 1 study · 133 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Measures of neurological impairment ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs hydroxyurea and phlebotomy Quality of life ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease who have had a stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions to prevent… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Adverse events associated with transfusion · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3.16 [0.18, 57.17] | 1 study · 121 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion TIA · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.13 [0.01, 2.11] | 2 studies · 323 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Serious adverse events as a result of sickle cell‐related complications · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.12, 0.48] | 2 studies · 326 participants | Low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Measures of neurological impairment · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 166 participants | Low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Quality of life · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have not had previous long‐term red cell… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 196 participants | Low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion Clinical stroke · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.01, 4.35] | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
Long‐term red cell transfusion vs no transfusion All‐cause mortality · individuals with sickle cell disease who are at risk of a primary stroke who have had long‐term red cell transfusions… Blood transfusion for preventing primary and secondary stroke in people with sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | Peto OR 8 [0.16, 404.12] | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
Aggressive vs conservative blood transfusion Mortality · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 230 participants | Ungraded |
Preoperative blood transfusion vs no transfusion Serious complications related to SCD ‐ painful crises · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.91 [0.61, 6.04] | 2 studies · 434 participants | Very low |
Preoperative blood transfusion vs no transfusion Serious infection · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.29 [0.29, 5.71] | 2 studies · 434 participants | Very low |
Preoperative blood transfusion vs no transfusion Perioperative complications ‐ any surgery‐related · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.03, 2.05] | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
Preoperative blood transfusion vs no transfusion Transfusion related complications ‐ any · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 434 participants | Ungraded |
Preoperative blood transfusion vs no transfusion Quality of life · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Ungraded |
Aggressive vs conservative blood transfusion Serious complications related to SCD ‐ cholecystectomy ACS · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.38, 1.84] | 1 study · 230 participants | Very low |
Aggressive vs conservative blood transfusion Serious complications related to SCD ‐ cholecystectomy painful crisis · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.09, 1.04] | 1 study · 230 participants | Very low |
Aggressive vs conservative blood transfusion Serious infection ‐ cholecystectomy · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.75 [0.59, 5.18] | 1 study · 230 participants | Very low |
Aggressive vs conservative blood transfusion Perioperative complications ‐ cholecystectomy complications (any) · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.36, 1.55] | 1 study · 230 participants | Very low |
Aggressive vs conservative blood transfusion Transfusion‐related complications ‐ cholecystectomy complications (any) · people with SCD Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.85 [0.89, 3.88] | 1 study · 230 participants | Very low |