Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,479 questions · 1,537 findings · 159 reviews

No studies found 364 · 23.7%GRADE not reported 125 · 8.1%Very low 455 · 29.6%Low 374 · 24.3%Moderate 193 · 12.6%High 26 · 1.7%

Oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID vs No oral hygiene training of people with ID

Gingivitis · Children and adults with mild to profound ID; setting residential or school

It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID changes gingival inflammation (short term) compared with no oral hygiene training of people with ID (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography… changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 12 months (9 months… compared with pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Frequency of incontinence episodes · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence
1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Objective measurement of volume of incontinent episodes · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Quality of life measurements · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyography biofeedback and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training without biofeedback but with standard urotherapy

Adverse effects · children aged 5 to 15 years with dysfunctional elimination syndrome, 41/59 with daytime urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence in late pregnancy · pregnant women who were continent when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training probably leads to lower urinary incontinence in late pregnancy compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence in late pregnancy · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

It is very uncertain whether antenatal pelvic floor muscle training changes urinary incontinence in late pregnancy compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period (> 3‐6 months) · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training showed no clear difference in urinary incontinence mid‐postnatal period(> 3‐6 months) compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training vs control

Urinary incontinence late postnatal period (> 6‐12 months) · pregnant women who were incontinent when randomised

It is very uncertain whether antenatal pelvic floor muscle training changes urinary incontinence late postnatal period(> 6‐12 months) compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review