Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,230 questions · 1,303 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 73 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 21 · 1.6%Very low 497 · 38.1%Low 403 · 30.9%Moderate 245 · 18.8%High 64 · 4.9%

Therapeutic ultrasound vs placebo

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise vs exercise

Well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores mean worse well‐being) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise changes well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores… compared with exercise alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound vs placebo

Back‐specific functional status · adults with chronic low‐back pain

Therapeutic ultrasound showed no clear difference in back‐specific functional status Scale: Functional Rating Index,… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound vs placebo

Well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores mean worse well‐being) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

Therapeutic ultrasound showed no clear difference in well‐being Scale: general health subscale of SF‐36 (higher scores… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise vs exercise

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise changes pain intensity Scale: VAS (100‐point scale; higher scores mean… compared with exercise alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Victim empathy: attitudes to women Measured by: Attitude Towards Women Scale (15 items; scores range from 0 to 45; higher scores indicate more egalitarian attitudes towards women) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour
1 finding from 1 review

Geriatrician‐led inpatient management vs orthopaedic‐led inpatient management

Activities of daily living and functional performance (functional performance measured using the SPPB at 12 months) SPPB (0 to 12 points, where higher scores equate to greater functional performance) · adults with dementia following hip fracture surgery
2 findings from 1 review