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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin
current versionsNo studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Steroid vs vitamin D Number of participants achieving 'clearance' by IGA · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.82 [1.52, 2.18] | 4 studies · 2180 participants | Moderate |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs steroid Number of participants achieving 'response' by PGA · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [1.06, 1.2] | 2 studies · 2226 participants | High |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs vitamin D Number of participants achieving 'clearance' by IGA · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.28 [1.87, 2.78] | 4 studies · 2008 participants | High |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs vitamin D Number of participants achieving 'response' by IGA · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.31 [1.75, 3.04] | 4 studies · 2222 participants | Moderate |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs vitamin D Quality of life · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs vitamin D Number of participants withdrawing due to adverse events · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.11, 0.36] | 3 studies · 1970 participants | High |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs vitamin D Number of participants achieving 'response' by PGA · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.76 [1.46, 2.12] | 4 studies · 2222 participants | Moderate |
Steroid vs vitamin D Number of participants achieving 'response' by IGA · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.09 [1.8, 2.41] | 3 studies · 1827 participants | High |
Steroid vs vitamin D Quality of life · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Steroid vs vitamin D Number of participants withdrawing due to adverse events (AE) · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.11, 0.42] | 4 studies · 2291 participants | Moderate |
Steroid vs vitamin D Number of participants achieving 'response' by PGA · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [1.28, 1.72] | 3 studies · 1827 participants | Moderate |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs steroid Number of participants achieving 'clearance' by IGA · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [1.08, 1.36] | 4 studies · 2474 participants | Moderate |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs steroid Number of participants achieving 'response' by IGA · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [1.06, 1.25] | 3 studies · 2444 participants | Moderate |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs steroid Quality of life · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Steroid plus vitamin D vs steroid Number of participants withdrawing due to adverse events (AE) · scalp psoriasis Topical treatments for scalp psoriasis (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.42, 1.88] | 3 studies · 2433 participants | Moderate |
Daily application of sunscreen vs discretionary use Basal cell carcinoma Confirmed clinically or by histopathology · general participants Sun protection for preventing basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.74, 1.43] | 1 study · 1621 participants | Low |
Daily application of sunscreen vs discretionary use Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma Confirmed clinically or by histopathology · general participants Sun protection for preventing basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.5, 1.54] | 1 study · 1621 participants | Low |
Daily application of sunscreen vs discretionary use Adverse events Number of participants with adverse events · general participants Sun protection for preventing basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1621 participants | Low |
Fractional laser vs non‐fractional non‐ablative laser Participant‐reported scar improvement (long‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs radiofrequency Participant‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs radiofrequency Participant satisfaction · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs radiofrequency Quality of life · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs combined chemical peeling plus needling Participant‐reported scar improvement (long‐term) N of participants with > 50% improvement in acne scars · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.6, 1.67] | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Fractional laser vs combined chemical peeling plus needling Participant‐reported scar improvement (short‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs combined chemical peeling plus needling Investigator‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs combined chemical peeling plus needling Participant‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) N of participants with adverse events · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.86, 1.16] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Fractional laser vs combined chemical peeling plus needling Participant satisfaction · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs combined chemical peeling plus needling Quality of life · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs placebo or no treatment Participant‐reported scar improvement (long‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fractional laser vs non‐fractional non‐ablative laser Participant‐reported scar improvement (short‐term) N of participants with > 50% improvement in acne scars · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 4 [1.25, 12.84] | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
Chemical peeling vs placebo or no treatment Participant‐reported scar improvement (short‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs placebo or no treatment Investigator‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs placebo or no treatment Participant‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs placebo or no treatment Participant satisfaction · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs placebo or no treatment Quality of life · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs placebo or no treatment Serious or severe adverse events N of participants with positive severe adverse events · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 5.45 [0.33, 90.14] | 1 study · 58 participants | Very low |
Chemical peeling vs combined chemical peeling plus any active intervention Participant‐reported scar improvement (long‐term) N of participants with > 50% improvement in acne scars · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.87, 1.75] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Chemical peeling vs combined chemical peeling plus any active intervention Participant‐reported scar improvement (short‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs combined chemical peeling plus any active intervention Investigator‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs combined chemical peeling plus any active intervention Participant‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) N of participants with adverse events · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.83, 1.2] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Fractional laser vs non‐fractional non‐ablative laser Investigator‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) Hyperpigmentation N of participants with adverse events · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.25, 1.45] | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
Chemical peeling vs combined chemical peeling plus any active intervention Participant satisfaction · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs combined chemical peeling plus any active intervention Quality of life · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs needling Participant‐reported scar improvement (long‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chemical peeling vs needling Participant‐reported scar improvement (short‐term) N of participants with > 50% improvement in acne scars · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.69, 1.83] | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Chemical peeling vs needling Investigator‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) N of participants with adverse events · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 16 [0.99, 258.36] | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Chemical peeling vs needling Participant‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) N of participants with positive adverse events · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.87, 1.15] | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Chemical peeling vs needling Patient satisfaction N of satisfied participants · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.69, 1.83] | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Chemical peeling vs needling Quality of life · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Injectable fillers vs placebo or no treatment Participant‐assessed scar improvement (long‐term) · people with acne scars Interventions for acne scars (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |