Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation Miscarriage rate per couple · patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation Live birth rate per couple · patients with undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation Clinical pregnancy rate per couple · patients with undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.78 [0.58, 5.46] | 2 studies · 94 participants | Very low |
Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation Ongoing pregnancy rate per couple · patients with undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation Multiple pregnancy rate per couple · patients with undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.83] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation Miscarriage rate per couple · patients with undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | OR 6.11 [0.27, 138.45] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique Clinical pregnancy rate per couple · patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.51, 1.35] | 4 studies · 370 participants | Very low |
Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique Ongoing pregnancy rate per couple · patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.39 [0.19, 0.82] | 1 study · 223 participants | Very low |
Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique Multiple pregnancy rate per couple · patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique Miscarriage rate per couple · patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.28, 2.59] | 3 studies · 330 participants | Very low |
Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation Live birth rate per couple · patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation Clinical pregnancy rate per couple · patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.41 [0.15, 1.13] | 2 studies · 78 participants | Very low |
Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation Ongoing pregnancy rate per couple · patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation Multiple pregnancy rate per couple · patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (fresh semen) Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.49 [0.02, 13.28] | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Open‐entry vs closed‐entry technique Mortality · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 715 participants | Ungraded |
Direct trocar entry vs Veress needle entry Gas embolism · patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 810 participants | Ungraded |
Direct trocar entry vs Veress needle entry Solid organ injury · patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.58 [0.06, 5.65] | 3 studies · 1079 participants | Very low |
Direct trocar entry vs Veress needle entry Failed entry · patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.24 [0.17, 0.34] | 8 studies · 3185 participants | Moderate |
Direct vision entry vs Veress needle entry Mortality · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct vision entry vs Veress needle entry Vascular injury (major vessels and abdominal wall vessels) · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.39 [0.05, 2.85] | 1 study · 186 participants | Very low |
Direct vision entry vs Veress needle entry Visceral injury (bladder or bowel) · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.15 [0.01, 2.34] | 2 studies · 380 participants | Very low |
Direct vision entry vs Veress needle entry Gas embolism · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct vision entry vs Veress needle entry Solid organ injury · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct vision entry vs Veress needle entry Failed entry · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct vision entry vs open‐entry technique Mortality · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Open‐entry vs closed‐entry technique Vascular injury (major vessels and abdominal wall vessels) · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.14 [0, 6.82] | 4 studies · 915 participants | Very low |
Direct vision entry vs open‐entry technique Vascular injury (major vessels and abdominal wall vessels) · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 392 participants | Ungraded |
Direct vision entry vs open‐entry technique Visceral injury (bladder or bowel) · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.13 [0, 6.5] | 2 studies · 392 participants | Very low |
Direct vision entry vs open‐entry technique Gas embolism · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct vision entry vs open‐entry technique Solid organ injury · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 6.16 [0.12, 316.67] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Direct vision entry vs open‐entry technique Failed entry · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.4 [0.04, 4.09] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Radially expanding (STEP) trocars for primary port entry vs standard (non‐expanding) trocars Mortality · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radially expanding (STEP) trocars for primary port entry vs standard (non‐expanding) trocars Vascular injury (major vessels and abdominal wall vessels) · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.24 [0.05, 1.21] | 2 studies · 331 participants | Very low |
Radially expanding (STEP) trocars for primary port entry vs standard (non‐expanding) trocars Visceral injury (bladder or bowel) · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.13 [0, 6.37] | 2 studies · 331 participants | Very low |
Radially expanding (STEP) trocars for primary port entry vs standard (non‐expanding) trocars Gas embolism · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radially expanding (STEP) trocars for primary port entry vs standard (non‐expanding) trocars Solid organ injury · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.05 [0.07, 16.91] | 1 study · 244 participants | Very low |
Open‐entry vs closed‐entry technique Visceral injury (bladder or bowel) · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.61 [0.06, 6.08] | 4 studies · 915 participants | Very low |
Radially expanding (STEP) trocars for primary port entry vs standard (non‐expanding) trocars Failed entry · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Open‐entry vs closed‐entry technique Gas embolism · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Open‐entry vs closed‐entry technique Solid organ injury · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Open‐entry vs closed‐entry technique Failed entry · patients undergoing laparoscopy Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.45 [0.14, 1.42] | 3 studies · 865 participants | Very low |
Direct trocar entry vs Veress needle entry Mortality · patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1438 participants | Ungraded |
Direct trocar entry vs Veress needle entry Vascular injury (major vessels and abdominal wall vessels) · patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.59 [0.18, 1.96] | 6 studies · 1603 participants | Very low |
Direct trocar entry vs Veress needle entry Visceral injury (bladder or bowel) · patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery Laparoscopic entry techniques (2019) · Cochrane | Peto OR 2.02 [0.21, 19.42] | 5 studies · 1519 participants | Very low |
Lifestyle intervention vs minimal treatment Fertility: live birth ‐ not reported · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle intervention vs minimal treatment Fertility: miscarriage ‐ not reported · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle intervention vs minimal treatment Secondary reproductive: menstrual regularity ‐ not reported · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle intervention vs minimal treatment Secondary reproductive: free androgen index (FAI) · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 204 participants | Low |
Lifestyle intervention vs minimal treatment Anthropometric: weight (kg) · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 353 participants | Low |
Lifestyle intervention vs minimal treatment Anthropometric: body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) · women with polycystic ovary syndrome Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 434 participants | Low |