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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Hand‐held (not mouse‐based) electronic device plus optical device vs optical device Quality of life estimating perceived difficulty using the NV‐VFQ‐15 questionnaire · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Hand‐held (not mouse‐based) electronic device plus optical device vs optical device Adverse outcomes · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) plus visual rehabilitation vs visual rehabilitation alone Reading speed (maximum reading speed words per minute) · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Low |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs optical device Reading duration (minutes) · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Moderate |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) plus visual rehabilitation vs visual rehabilitation alone Reading duration · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) plus visual rehabilitation vs visual rehabilitation alone Reading acuity · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) plus visual rehabilitation vs visual rehabilitation alone Ease and frequency of use · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) plus visual rehabilitation vs visual rehabilitation alone Quality of life · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Low |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) plus visual rehabilitation vs visual rehabilitation alone Adverse outcomes · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs head‐mounted electronic device (HMD) Reading speed (words per minute) MNREAD Charts · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 93 participants | Low |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs head‐mounted electronic device (HMD) Reading duration · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs head‐mounted electronic device (HMD) Reading acuity (logMAR) MNREAD charts. Higher score is worse acuity. · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 13 participants | Low |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs head‐mounted electronic device (HMD) Ease and frequency of use Task difficulty score (0 = very easy to use 5 = extremely difficult) · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs head‐mounted electronic device (HMD) Quality of life · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs optical device Reading acuity · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs head‐mounted electronic device (HMD) Adverse outcomes · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device (HHD) Reading speed (maximum reading speed words per minute) MNREAD charts · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 92 participants | Low |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device (HHD) Reading duration (minutes) MNREAD charts · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Low |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device (HHD) Reading acuity · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device (HHD) Ease and frequency of use · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device (HHD) Quality of life · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device (HHD) Adverse outcomes · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prism spectacles vs conventional spectacles Reading speed (words per minute) · adults with low vision (people with AMD) Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Prism spectacles vs conventional spectacles Reading duration · adults with low vision (people with AMD) Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prism spectacles vs conventional spectacles Reading acuity in logMAR · adults with low vision (people with AMD) Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs optical device Ease and frequency of use Task difficulty score (0 = very easy to use 5 = extremely difficult) · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Moderate |
Prism spectacles vs conventional spectacles Ease and frequency of use · adults with low vision (people with AMD) Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prism spectacles vs conventional spectacles Quality of life (NEI‐VFQ score) Scale from: 0‐100. Higher scores are better · adults with low vision (people with AMD) Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 153 participants | Moderate |
Prism spectacles vs conventional spectacles Adverse outcomes · adults with low vision (people with AMD) Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs optical device Quality of life · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs optical device Adverse outcomes · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device vs optical device Reading speed (words per minute) · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Moderate |
Hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device vs optical device Reading duration (minutes) · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Moderate |
Hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device vs optical device Reading acuity · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adjustable vs non‐adjustable sutures Ocular alignment at 6 months (orthophoria less than 8 prism dioptres) · people with strabismus Adjustable versus non‐adjustable sutures for strabismus (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.91, 1.53] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Adjustable vs non‐adjustable sutures Number and type of postoperative complications/adverse effects · people with strabismus Adjustable versus non‐adjustable sutures for strabismus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adjustable vs non‐adjustable sutures Resource use and costs · people with strabismus Adjustable versus non‐adjustable sutures for strabismus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adjustable vs non‐adjustable sutures Participant satisfaction · people with strabismus Adjustable versus non‐adjustable sutures for strabismus (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Free spectacles vs no free spectacles (prescription only) Uncorrected visual acuity deficit due to refractive error · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Educational intervention vs no educational intervention Visual acuity deficit due causes other than refractive error · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Educational intervention vs no educational intervention Spectacle wearing · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.95, 1.31] | 1 study · 3177 participants | Moderate |
Educational intervention vs no educational intervention Quality of life · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Educational intervention vs no educational intervention Cost · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Educational intervention vs no educational intervention Adverse effects · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ready‐made vs custom‐made spectacles Uncorrected visual acuity deficit due to refractive error · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 414 participants | Moderate |
Ready‐made vs custom‐made spectacles Uncorrected visual acuity deficit due to refractive error · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ready‐made vs custom‐made spectacles Visual acuity deficit due to causes other than refractive error · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ready‐made vs custom‐made spectacles Spectacle wearing · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.91, 1.05] | 3 studies · 1203 participants | High |
Ready‐made vs custom‐made spectacles Quality of life Measured using the NEI‐RQL‐42. Higher scores are better quality of life. · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 188 participants | Moderate |
Free spectacles vs no free spectacles (prescription only) Uncorrected visual acuity deficit due to refractive error · school‐age children and adolescents Vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits in school‐age children and adolescents (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |