Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

563 questions · 568 findings · 104 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 53 · 9.3%GRADE not reported 26 · 4.6%Very low 85 · 15%Low 214 · 37.7%Moderate 151 · 26.6%High 39 · 6.9%

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Culture‐proven late‐onset sepsis · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

It is very uncertain whether targeted or adjustable individualized fortification changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with standard non‐individualized fortification (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Retinopathy of prematurity · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

It is very uncertain whether targeted or adjustable individualized fortification changes retinopathy of prematurity, any compared with standard non‐individualized fortification (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Presence of osteopenia · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

It is very uncertain whether targeted or adjustable individualized fortification changes osteopenia compared with standard non‐individualized fortification (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Fetal/neonatal/infant · the fetus/neonate/infant

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroid showed no clear difference in A1: Fetal or neonatal or infant death (< 1 year of age) – all… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

B3: Caesarean section – an all women · the woman

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in B3: Caesarean section – an all women compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

C1: Total deaths (after randomisation) up to early childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C1: Total deaths (after randomisation) up to early childhood compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

C2: Neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C2: Neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood compared with single course (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

C3: Survival free of neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C3: Survival free of neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood compared with single course (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

C4: Survival free of major neurodevelopmental impairment atearly childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C4: Survival free of major neurodevelopmental impairment atearly… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

D1: Total deaths (after randomisation) up to mid‐ to later childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in D1: Total deaths (after randomisation) up to mid‐ to later childhood compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Respiratory distress syndrome · the fetus/neonate/infant

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroid leads to lower A5: Respiratory distress syndrome – all fetuses randomised compared with single course (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

D2: Neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in D2: Neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later childhood compared with single course (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

D3: Survival free of neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in D3: Survival free of neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

D4: Survival free of major neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in D4: Survival free of major neurocognitive impairment atmid‐ to later… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review