Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

567 questions · 573 findings · 37 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 89 · 15.5%GRADE not reported 156 · 27.2%Very low 140 · 24.4%Low 127 · 22.2%Moderate 47 · 8.2%High 14 · 2.4%

Intervention not reported

Bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum heart rate < 60 beats per minute or requiring medication) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia

The intervention showed no clear difference in bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or requiring medication) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia

The intervention showed no clear difference in hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

It is very uncertain whether perioperative beta‐blockers changes ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Bradycardia · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to higher bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Hypotension · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers probably leads to higher hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) + paracervical block (PCB) vs general anaesthesia

Pregnancy · women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction

It is very uncertain whether conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) + paracervical block (PCB) changes pregnancy compared with general anaesthesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Peppermint vs placebo

Patient satisfaction with treatment Measured by a validated scale · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review