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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
3,601 questions in 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 20.2%Ungraded 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Laxative vs placebo Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 1 after delivery) · women in the postpartum period Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.22] | 1 study · 471 participants | Very low |
Laxative vs placebo Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 2 after delivery) · women in the postpartum period Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.23 [0.11, 0.45] | 1 study · 471 participants | Low |
Laxative vs placebo Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 3 after delivery) · women in the postpartum period Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0, 0.89] | 1 study · 471 participants | Low |
Laxative vs placebo Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 4 after delivery) · women in the postpartum period Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.03, 1.87] | 1 study · 471 participants | Very low |
Laxative vs placebo Adverse effects on women: abdominal cramps · women in the postpartum period Interventions for preventing postpartum constipation (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.23 [1.75, 10.19] | 1 study · 471 participants | Low |
Aspirin vs placebo Adequate pain relief as reported by the woman (4 to 8 hours) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.03 [1.69, 2.42] | 13 studies · 1001 participants | Low |
Aspirin vs placebo Need for additional pain relief (4 to 8 hours) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.17, 0.37] | 10 studies · 744 participants | Very low |
Aspirin vs placebo Maternal adverse effects (4 to 8 hours) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.57, 2.06] | 14 studies · 1067 participants | Very low |
Aspirin vs placebo Neonatal adverse effects · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Aspirin vs placebo Perineal pain at six weeks postpartum · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Maternal outcomes · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Neonatal death · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.54 [0.06, 37.25] | 1 study · 154 participants | Low |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Perinatal mortality · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Preterm birth (birth before 34 completed weeks' gestation) · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.37, 3.55] | 1 study · 154 participants | Low |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Neonatal unit admission · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.53 [0.65, 3.62] | 1 study · 154 participants | Low |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Neonatal unit length of stay · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Neonatal endotracheal intubation and use of mechanical ventilation · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Maternal outcomes · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Systolic BP ≥ 150 mmHg · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Maternal death · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 220 participants | Ungraded |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.89, 1.49] | 1 study · 220 participants | Low |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Systolic BP ≥ 150 mmHg · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Number of antenatal hospital admissions · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Maternal admission to intensive care · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Induction of labour · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Neonatal outcomes · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Stillbirth · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Neonatal death · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Perinatal mortality · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.16, 7.92] | 1 study · 220 participants | Low |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Preterm birth · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Neonatal unit admission · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Neonatal unit length of stay · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Maternal death · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 154 participants | Ungraded |
Technique of BP measurement: Korotkoff phase IV vs Korotkoff phase V to represent diastolic BP Neonatal endotracheal intubation and use of mechanical ventilation · pregnant women with diastolic hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Maternal outcomes · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Systolic BP ≥ 150 mmHg · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Maternal death · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.3, 2.11] | 1 study · 536233 participants | Low |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Number of antenatal hospital admissions · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Maternal admission to intensive care · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Induction of labour · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Neonatal outcomes · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Stillbirth · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Setting of BP measurement: self‐measurement vs conventional clinic measurement Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women with chronic or gestational hypertension Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.49 [0.87, 2.54] | 1 study · 154 participants | Low |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Neonatal death · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Preterm birth · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Neonatal unit admission · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Neonatal unit length of stay · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Technique of BP measurement: CRADLE intervention vs usual care Neonatal endotracheal intubation and use of mechanical ventilation · pregnant women, or those within 42 days of delivery Setting and techniques for monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |