Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

880 questions · 912 findings · 126 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 143 · 15.7%GRADE not reported 38 · 4.2%Very low 250 · 27.4%Low 253 · 27.7%Moderate 168 · 18.4%High 60 · 6.6%

Intervention not reported

Low‐dose atropine (< 0.1%) · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 249 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Orthokeratology · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 49 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Multifocal soft contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 540 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Rigid gas‐permeable contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 154 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Peripheral plus spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 188 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Multifocal spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (21 studies, 4169 participants in the analysis) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 404 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pirenzepine · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 210 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

7‐methyxanthine · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Multifocal soft contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 712 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Rigid gas‐permeable contact lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 178 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Peripheral plus spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 480 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Multifocal spectacle lenses · children with progressive myopia (38 studies, 6525 participants in analyses) Interventions: optical and pharmacological Comparator:…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 729 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Fetal/neonatal/infant · the fetus/neonate/infant

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroid showed no clear difference in A1: Fetal or neonatal or infant death (< 1 year of age) – all… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.73, 1.24]
10 studies · 5849 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

B3: Caesarean section – an all women · the woman

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in B3: Caesarean section – an all women compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.98, 1.09]
8 studies · 4266 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

B4: Discontinuation of therapy due to maternal adverse effects – an all women · the woman

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 485 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Corticosteroid related adverse events · the woman

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1477 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Admission to the intensive care unit ‐ not reported · the woman

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Breastfeeding at hospital discharge ‐ not reported · the woman

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

C1: Total deaths (after randomisation) up to early childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C1: Total deaths (after randomisation) up to early childhood compared with single course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.81, 1.4]
5 studies · 4565 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

C2: Neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood · the child

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in C2: Neurodevelopmental impairment at early childhood compared with single course (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.85, 1.1]
4 studies · 3616 participants
High