What do systematic reviews say?

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Moderate

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 67 participants
  Moderate

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 37 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality, all‐cause (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.9 [0.65, 1.24]
  12 studies · 10009 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes mortality, due to pneumonia (very low certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4.46 [0.07, 286.99]
  3 studies · 1511 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.01 [0.83, 1.22]
  12 studies · 10009 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in all pneumonia events (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.12 [0.83, 1.51]
  6 studies · 7011 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower withdrawals (high certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.78 [0.71, 0.85]
  15 studies · 10150 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (high certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.78 [1.5, 2.12]
  17 studies · 19504 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality, all‐cause (high certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.99 [0.87, 1.13]
  22 studies · 20861 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality, due to pneumonia (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.23 [0.7, 2.15]
  18 studies · 19532 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (high certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.06 [0.99, 1.14]
  19 studies · 20381 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher all pneumonia events (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.68 [1.49, 1.9]
  11 studies · 15377 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower withdrawals (high certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.81 [0.77, 0.86]
  26 studies · 21243 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (moderate certainty).

• Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.62 [1, 2.62]
  7 studies · 6472 participants
  Moderate