Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

628 questions · 671 findings · 31 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 215 · 32%GRADE not reported 29 · 4.3%Very low 156 · 23.2%Low 165 · 24.6%Moderate 69 · 10.3%High 37 · 5.5%

Intervention not reported

Instrumental vaginal birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Maternal mortality

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Maternal morbidity

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Neonatal morbidity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Neonatal mortality or morbidity · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Maternal or neonatal mortality

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

VBAC

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal mortality or morbidity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Neonatal mortality

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Spontaneous vaginal birth – physiologic birth · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Spontaneous vaginal birth – normal vaginal birth · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention showed no clear difference in spontaneous vaginal birth – normal vaginal birth (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.62, 1.14]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – elective · mixed population (women with a fear of childbirth; women with high levels of anxiety; husbands of pregnant women; pregnant women and…

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – elective (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.58, 1.56]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Proportion of participants who were treated according to antibiotic prescribing guidelines · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
29 studies · 23394 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Addition of feedback to enablement · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
23 studies · 23 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Addition of enablement to restriction · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
29 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Duration of all antibiotic treatment · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 3318 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Mortality · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15827 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Mean length of hospital stay per participant · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3834 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Delay in treatment · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 2 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Negative professional culture · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
Low