Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

679 questions · 687 findings · 43 reviews

No studies found 169 · 24.6%GRADE not reported 172 · 25%Very low 157 · 22.9%Low 128 · 18.6%Moderate 47 · 6.8%High 14 · 2%

Summary of findings ‐ Erector spinae plane block vs paravertebral block

Rates of block‐related adverse events · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia

Summary of findings ‐ Erector spinae plane block probably leads to lower rates of block‐related adverse events compared with paravertebral block (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ Erector spinae plane block vs transversus abdominis plane block

Rates of block‐related adverse events · adults undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia

Summary of findings ‐ Erector spinae plane block showed no clear difference in rates of block‐related adverse events compared with transversus abdominis plane block (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Cardiopulmonary complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes cardiopulmonary complications compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Helium vs carbon dioxide

Pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether helium changes pneumoperitoneum‐related serious adverse events compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Helium vs carbon dioxide

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

Helium showed no clear difference in pain scores (first postoperative day) Visual analogue scale, lower… compared with carbon dioxide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Room air vs carbon dioxide

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether room air changes pain scores (first postoperative day) Visual analogue scale, lower… compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review