Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

572 questions · 579 findings · 55 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 60 · 10.4%GRADE not reported 42 · 7.3%Very low 205 · 35.4%Low 210 · 36.3%Moderate 52 · 9%High 10 · 1.7%

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

IM pethidine vs placebo

Epidural · women in labour

It is very uncertain whether IM pethidine changes epidural compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.14, 1.78]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternla pain score measured in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (measured 1 day after delivery)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Satisfied with mode of administration (PCA IM)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Opioids versus TENS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured post delivery (rated as good)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score measured during labour (after 30 minutes)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score measured during labour (after 60 minutes)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (number of women satisfied or very satisfied after 30 minutes)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (described as good or fair after 1 hour)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of at least 40 mm after 30 minutes)

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Additional analgesia required

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Length of Survival · people with advanced cancer with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction (MBO)

1 finding from 1 review

Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 721 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life · people with advanced cancer with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction (MBO)

1 finding from 1 review

Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 188 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · people with advanced cancer with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction (MBO)

1 finding from 1 review

Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 280 participants
Very low

Heparin prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

All‐cause mortality

Heparin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.93, 1.03]
18 studies · 9575 participants
Moderate
Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.96, 1.01]
14 studies · 5229 participants
Moderate

Heparin prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

Symptomatic VTE

Heparin prophylaxis leads to lower symptomatic VTE compared with no prophylaxis (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.47, 0.68]
16 studies · 9036 participants
High

Heparin prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

Major bleeding

Heparin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with no prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.3 [0.94, 1.79]
18 studies · 9592 participants
Moderate

Heparin prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

Minor bleeding

Heparin prophylaxis leads to higher minor bleeding compared with no prophylaxis (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.7 [1.13, 2.55]
16 studies · 9245 participants
High