Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,262 questions · 2,405 findings · 248 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 507 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 93 · 3.9%Very low 657 · 27.3%Low 708 · 29.4%Moderate 387 · 16.1%High 53 · 2.2%

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Duration of physical restraint use · older people in all long‐term care settings

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 228 participants
Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Falls · older people in all long‐term care settings

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one fall compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.86, 1.2]
4 studies · 17954 participants
Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · older people in all long‐term care settings

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one fall‐related fracture compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.76, 1.45]
4 studies · 17954 participants
Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Residents with at least one psychotropic medication · older people in all long‐term care settings

Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention showed no clear difference in residents with at least one psychotropic medication compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.95, 1.06]
2 studies · 3452 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care

Residents with at least one physical restraint · older people in all long‐term care settings

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1483 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care

Serious adverse events ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term care settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Number of participants receiving a regular prescription of antipsychotic medication · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 5 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Adverse events · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3 participants
High

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 7982 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Quality of life · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Prescribing of regular psychotropic medication · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Low

Primary health professionals and lay health workers vs usual care

Functional impairment · people with dementia and their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 81 participants
Very low

Primary health professionals and lay health workers vs usual care

Service utilisation ‐ home visits by LHW and psychiatrist (during intervention) · people with dementia and their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 81 participants
Very low

Primary health professionals and lay health workers vs usual care

Adverse events ‐ number of deaths (during intervention) Â · people with dementia and their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 141 participants
Very low

Primary health professionals and lay health workers vs usual care

Clinical illness recovery · people with dementia and their carers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Primary health professionals and lay health workers vs usual care

Disease prevalence · people with dementia and their carers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Primary health professionals and lay health workers vs usual care

Behavioural symptoms (change from baseline at 26 weeks measured using the NPI) · people with dementia and their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 134 participants
Low

Primary health professionals and lay health workers vs usual care

Quality of life (patient) (1 to 6 months post intervention) DEMQOL (higher score = better quality of life) · people with dementia and their carers

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 53 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Psychological distress Measures: ‐ Parenting Stress Index (PSI‐SF) ‐ Psychiatric Symptom Index (PSI) ‐ PSI anxiety sub‐scale ‐ State anxiety inventory ‐ Center for Epidemological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) ‐ Profile of Mood State Inventory (... · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 864 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Family functioning · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 272 participants
Very low