Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

927 questions · 1,014 findings · 29 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

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No studies found 123 · 12.1%GRADE not reported 604 · 59.6%Very low 193 · 19%Low 58 · 5.7%Moderate 35 · 3.5%High 1 · 0.1%

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs pimecrolimus 1%

Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with topical pimecrolimus; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
end of treatment
RR 0.21 [0.01, 4.10]
1 study · 35 participants
GRADE not reported

Clobetasol propionate plus miconazole (adjunctive antifungal) vs Clobetasol propionate plus placebo

Candidosis (adverse effect) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Lodi 2007: 5 cases of candidosis among 15 participants without antifungal vs 0 with adjunctive miconazole (low-certainty)
1 study · 35 participants
Low

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Topical tacrolimus

Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide may leads to lower adverse effects compared with topical tacrolimus (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-8 weeks
RR 0.47 [0.22, 0.99]
2 studies · 58 participants
Low

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Topical curcumin

Pain (mean score) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide may leads to lower pain (mean score) compared with topical curcumin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -0.64 [-1.19, -0.10]
2 studies · 100 participants
Low

Topical clobetasol propionate vs Topical ciclosporin

Pain resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether topical clobetasol propionate changes pain resolution compared with topical ciclosporin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-8 weeks
RR 2.11 [0.76, 5.86]
1 study · 39 participants
Very low

Topical clobetasol propionate vs Topical tacrolimus

Pain (mean VAS score) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical clobetasol propionate showed no clear difference in pain (mean VAS score) compared with topical tacrolimus; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
end of treatment
MD 0.08 [-0.33, 0.49]
1 study · 68 participants
GRADE not reported

Topical clobetasol propionate vs Topical tacrolimus

Clinical resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether topical clobetasol propionate changes clinical resolution compared with topical tacrolimus (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-8 weeks
RR 0.61 [0.38, 0.99]
2 studies · 52 participants
Very low

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Intralesional BCG-polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG-PSN)

Pain (mean score) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide showed no clear difference in pain (mean score) compared with intralesional BCG-polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG-PSN); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 0.59 [-0.15, 1.33]
1 study · 53 participants
GRADE not reported

Topical betamethasone 0.1% gel vs pimecrolimus 1%

Pain / clinical response (not analysable) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Ezzatt 2019 (betamethasone 0.1% gel vs pimecrolimus 1% gel): effectiveness data not reported in a way that allowed quantitative analysis
1 study
GRADE not reported

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Photodynamic therapy

Clinical score · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide may leads to higher clinical score compared with photodynamic therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD 1.52 [0.17, 2.87]
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Topical corticosteroids vs placebo

Clinical score · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical corticosteroid showed no clear difference in clinical score compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
end of treatment
MD -0.38 [-0.89, 0.14]
1 study · 32 participants
Low

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Topical tacrolimus

Clinical resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether topical triamcinolone acetonide changes clinical resolution compared with topical tacrolimus (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-8 weeks
RR 0.86 [0.55, 1.35]
2 studies · 60 participants
Very low

Intralesional betamethasone vs intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide

Clinical resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Intralesional betamethasone may leads to higher clinical resolution compared with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.40 [1.06, 1.83]
1 study · 59 participants
Low

Clobetasol propionate 0.025% microspheres vs Clobetasol propionate 0.025% ointment

Clinical resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Clobetasol propionate 0.025% microspheres showed no clear difference in clinical resolution compared with clobetasol propionate 0.025% ointment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.04 [0.80, 1.36]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Dexamethasone mouthwash plus nystatin vs Photodynamic therapy

Clinical resolution · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Bakhtiari 2017 (dexamethasone mouthwash + nystatin vs photodynamic therapy): clinical resolution reported (Analysis 4.6); no clear difference (low to very low certainty collectively)
1 study
GRADE not reported

Topical clobetasol propionate vs Topical tacrolimus

Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether topical clobetasol propionate changes adverse effects compared with topical tacrolimus (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-8 weeks
RR 0.05 [0.00, 0.83]
2 studies · 100 participants
Very low

Mucoadhesive prednisolone tablet vs Topical triamcinolone acetonide paste

Clinical response (not analysable) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Ghabanchi 2009: data not suitable for quantitative analysis
1 study
GRADE not reported

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Topical ciclosporin

Adverse effects · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide led to lower adverse effects compared with topical ciclosporin; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
end of treatment
RR 0.15 [0.05, 0.49]
1 study · 139 participants
GRADE not reported

Intralesional betamethasone vs intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide

Clinical score (14 days) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

It is very uncertain whether intralesional betamethasone changes clinical score (14 days) compared with intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
14 days
MD 9.77 [0.81, 18.73]
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Clobetasol propionate plus miconazole (adjunctive antifungal) vs Clobetasol propionate plus placebo

Clinical score · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Lodi 2007: no difference in percentage of oral mucosa affected between adjunctive antifungal and steroid-only groups
1 study
GRADE not reported