What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Medical treatment for botulism 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Medical treatment for botulism 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 122 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in risk of adverse events (until time of hospital discharge) (moderate certainty).

• Medical treatment for botulism 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.72, 1.18]
  1 study · 129 participants
  Moderate

Shock wave lithotripsy vs dissolution therapy

It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with dissolution therapy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.9, 1.41]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Very low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes second procedures compared with ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.47 [1.32, 9.15]
  3 studies · 131 participants
  Very low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 122 participants
  Very low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Shock wave lithotripsy probably leads to lower stone‐free rate compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (moderate certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.8, 0.97]
  1 study · 212 participants
  Moderate

Shock wave lithotripsy vs mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Shock wave lithotripsy may leads to higher secondary procedures compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.5 [1.01, 6.2]
  1 study · 212 participants
  Low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 212 participants
  Moderate

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes stone‐free rate compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.88, 1.53]
  1 study · 23 participants
  Very low

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes secondary procedures compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.42 [0.02, 9.43]
  1 study · 23 participants
  Very low

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (moderate certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.93, 1.14]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Moderate

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Moderate

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo with/without analgesics

Alpha‐blockers may leads to higher stone‐free rate compared with placebo with/without analgesics (low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.34 [1.16, 1.54]
  6 studies · 335 participants
  Low

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo with/without analgesics

It is very uncertain whether alpha‐blockers changes secondary procedures for residual fragments compared with placebo with/without analgesics (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.15, 1.81]
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo with/without analgesics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Shock wave lithotripsy vs dissolution therapy

It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes secondary procedures for residual fragments compared with dissolution therapy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.29, 1.5]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Very low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs dissolution therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found