Ischaemic stroke · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Ischaemic stroke (Hazard ratio (cohort studies)): HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.80), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
2 findings from 1 review
Colon cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Colon cancer: OR 0.88 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.35), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.88 [0.57, 1.35]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Aggressive prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Aggressive prostate cancer: OR 0.75 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.17), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower maternal 25(OH)D) for Gestational diabetes: OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.85), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 1,25(OH)2D) for Prostate cancer: OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.14), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Kidney cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Kidney cancer: OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.58), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Fracture · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.31 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.42) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Body‐mass index (BMI) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Body mass index: Z score -0.15 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Sporadic colorectal adenoma · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma: OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.97), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
All cause mortality (in CKD patients) · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a RR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.93) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Type 2 diabetes (prevalent) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Type 2 diabetes (prevalent): OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.82), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
All cause mortality · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for All cause mortality: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.78), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Rectal cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Rectal cancer: OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.88), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Projected Significant Caries (SiC) index · Alaska Native children (below age 18)
A simulation projected a 50% drop in the Significant Caries index for children (12.3 to 6.1) under the PDHA model (certainty not graded).
2 findings from 1 review
Projected proportion of caries-free children (5-18 years) · Alaska Native children (below age 18)
A simulation projected 0% of children aged 5-18 would be caries-free under the baseline scenario (certainty not graded).
3 findings from 1 review
Projected receipt of school-based prevention services · Alaska Native children (below age 18)
A simulation projected that over 90% of children would receive school-based prevention services under the PDHA model, up from 53% (certainty not graded).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries · Alaska children below age 5 years
The PDHA program was projected to reduce mean DMFT in children below age 5 from 7.4 to 4.9, without a GRADE rating.
1 finding from 1 review
Mean DMFT 7.4 to 4.9
1 study
GRADE not reported
Projected dental care utilisation · Alaska Native children (below age 18)
A simulation projected that the PDHA program would raise dental care utilisation from 75% to 90% (certainty not graded).
1 finding from 1 review
Ever utilised dental services · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Ever-use of dental services is low-to-moderate (17%-71%) and generally lower in slum/rural groups; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease prevalence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Periodontal disease prevalence is high (23%-99%) across LMIC urban/slum populations; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease affected all ages, was more pronounced in older groups, and ranged from 23% to 99%, generally higher than dental caries; bleeding gum/gingivitis contributed the largest component.
9 studies
GRADE not reported